WordNet

resistant to destruction or fading; "fast colors"
abstaining from food (同)fasting
securely fixed in place; "the post was still firm after being hit by the car" (同)firm, immobile
firmly or closely; "held fast to the rope"; "her foot was stuck fast"; "held tight" (同)tight
(of a photographic lens or emulsion) causing a shortening of exposure time; "a fast lens"
(of surfaces) conducive to rapid speeds; "a fast road"; "grass courts are faster than clay"
(used of timepieces) indicating a time ahead of or later than the correct time; "my watch is fast"
abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical reasons; "Catholics sometimes fast during Lent"
abstain from eating; "Before the medical exam, you must fast"
acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly; "fast film"; "on the fast track in school"; "set a fast pace"; "a fast car"
at a rapid tempo; "the band played a fast fox trot"
quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form); "how fast can he get here?"; "ran as fast as he could"; "needs medical help fast"; "fast-running rivers"; "fast-breaking news"; "fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters"
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
the syllable naming the fourth (subdominant) note of the diatonic scale in solmization

PrepTutorEJDIC

『速い』,急速な,すばやい,敏速な / (時計が)『進んでいる』 / 『しっかりした』,ぐらつかない / 心の変わらない,忠実な(faithful) / (色が)あせない / 《古》(女性が)身持ちの悪い;《まれに》(生活が)享楽的な / (フイルムが)高感度の,(レンズが)高速撮影用の / 『速く』;すばやく(quickly) / 『しっかりと』,固く(firmly) / 『ぐっすりと』(soundly) / どしどし,ひっきりなしに
断食(だんじき),絶食 / (宗教的行事としての)断食日,断食期間 / 断食する,絶食する / (…で)精進する《+『on』+『名』》
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
ファ(全音階の第4音)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ノカルジア症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of nocardiosis
2. 乳児および小児における低血糖に対するアプローチ approach to hypoglycemia in infants and children
3. 尿酸のバランス uric acid balance
4. 出産時の臍帯血酸塩基分析 umbilical cord blood acid base analysis at delivery
5. 妊娠中の葉酸補充 folic acid supplementation in pregnancy

English Journal

Diagnostic Accuracy of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Detection for Tuberculous Meningitis.

Feng GD, Shi M, Ma L, Chen P, Wang BJ, Zhang M, Chang XL, Su XC, Yang YN, Fan XH, Dai W, Liu TT, He Y, Bian T, Duan LX, Li JG, Hao XK, Liu JY, Xue X, Song YZ, Wu HQ, Niu GQ, Zhang L, Han CJ, Lin H, Lin ZH, Liu JJ, Jian J, Zhang JS, Tian Y, Zhou BY, Wang J, Xue CH, Han XF, Wang JF, Wang SL, Thwaites GE, Zhao G.Author information Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, China, Deparment of Neurology, Xi'an, China ; fgd2000@163.com.AbstractRational Early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous meningitis saves lives, but current laboratory diagnostic tests lack sensitivity. Objective We investigated whether the detection of intracellular bacteria by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and early secretory antigen target (ESAT)-6 in cerebrospinal fluid leucocytes improves tuberculous meningitis diagnosis. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis were stained by conventional Ziehl-Neelsen stain, a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain involving cytospin slides with Triton processing, and an ESAT-6 immunocytochemical stain. Acid-fast bacteria and ESAT-6-expressing leucocytes were detected by microscopy. All tests were performed prospectively in a central laboratory by experienced technicians blind to the patients' final diagnosis. Results Two hundred and eighty patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis were enrolled. Thirty-seven had Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured from cerebrospinal fluid; 40 had a microbiologically-confirmed alternative diagnosis; the rest had probable or possible tuberculous meningitis according to published criteria. Against a clinical diagnostic gold standard the sensitivity of conventional Ziehl-Neelsen stain was 3.3% (95% confidence intervals 1.6 to 6.7%), compared to 82.9% (95% confidence intervals 77.4 to 87.3%) for modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and 75.1% (95% confidence intervals 68.8 to 80.6%) for ESAT-6 immunostain. Intracellular bacteria were seen in 87.8% of the slides positive by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain . The specificity of modified Ziehl-Neelsen and ESAT-6 stain was 85.0% (95% confidence intervals 69.4 to 93.8%) and 90.0% (95% confidence intervals 75.4 to 96.7%) respectively. Conclusion Enhanced bacterial detection by simple modification of the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and an ESAT-6 intracellular stain improve the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2014 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Rational Early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous meningitis saves lives, but current laboratory diagnostic tests lack sensitivity. Objective We investigated whether the detection of intracellular bacteria by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and early secretory antigen target (ESAT)-6 in cerebrosp
PMID 24450377

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in high-risk groups, zimbabwe.

Metcalfe JZ, Makumbirofa S, Makamure B, Sandy C, Bara W, Mungofa S, Hopewell PC, Mason P.AbstractTo estimate prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 2012, we performed microbiologic testing on acid-fast bacilli smear-positive sputum samples from patients previously treated for TB. Twenty (24%) of 84 specimens were consistent with MDR TB. A national drug-resistance survey is needed to determine MDR TB prevalence in Zimbabwe.
Emerging infectious diseases.Emerg Infect Dis.2014 Jan;20(1):135-7. doi: 10.3201/eid2001.130732.
To estimate prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 2012, we performed microbiologic testing on acid-fast bacilli smear-positive sputum samples from patients previously treated for TB. Twenty (24%) of 84 specimens were consistent with MDR TB. A national drug-r
PMID 24377879

Acute herpes simplex virus 1 pneumonitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Sabugo F, Espinoza-Araya R, Meneses MF, Cuchacovich M.Author information From the *Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile; †Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinica Las Condes; and ‡Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago, Chile.AbstractA woman with severe and longstanding systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a 1-week history of fever up to 38°C and pain in her right flank. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed interstitial infiltrates and multiple nodules. Bronchoalveolar lavage did not show any inflammatory cells. Gram stain and cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and Nocardia; acid-fast staining; polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus, herpesvirus 6, and parvovirus B19; and IF staining for pneumocystic and Legionella antigen were all negative. Transbronchial biopsy was nondiagnostic. Open lung biopsy with polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Acyclovir therapy was initiated and was followed by significant improvement. Herpes simplex virus 1 infection (although unusual) should be considered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with an atypical clinical presentation.
Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases.J Clin Rheumatol.2014 Jan;20(1):42-4. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000060.
A woman with severe and longstanding systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a 1-week history of fever up to 38°C and pain in her right flank. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed interstitial infiltrates and multiple nodules. Bronchoalveolar lavage did not show any inflammatory cells
PMID 24356475