WordNet

immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies (同)vaccinum
(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium
make inactive; "they deactivated the file" (同)deactivate
relating to or caused by bacteria; "bacterial infection"

PrepTutorEJDIC

牛痘種,痘苗(牛痘を起こすビールスで,天然痘予防のために人体に接種される) / (伝染病の病原菌から作った)ワクチン
『バクテリア』,細菌
…‘を'不活発にする / 〈血清など〉‘を'不活性化する
バクテリアの,細菌の

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1. 成人における季節性インフルエンザワクチン seasonal influenza vaccination in adults
2. 妊娠中の予防接種 immunizations during pregnancy
3. 旅行者のための予防接種 immunizations for travel
4. 健康成人における予防接種に対するアプローチ approach to immunizations in healthy adults
5. 髄膜炎菌ワクチン meningococcal vaccines

English Journal

Generation of a safety enhanced Salmonella Gallinarum ghost using antibiotic resistance free plasmid and its potential as an effective inactivated vaccine candidate against fowl typhoid.

Jawale CV1, Chaudhari AA2, Lee JH3.Author information 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cjbiotech@gmail.com.2College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: atulvet@gmail.com.3College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: johnhlee@jbnu.ac.kr.AbstractA safety enhanced Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) ghost was constructed using an antibiotic resistance gene free plasmid and evaluated its potential as fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine candidate. The antibiotic resistance free pYA3342 plasmid possesses aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene which is complimentary to the deletion of the chromosomal asd gene in the bacterial host. This plasmid was incorporated with a ghost cassette containing the bacteriophage PhiX174 lysis gene E, designated as pJHL101. The plasmid pJHL101 was transformed into a two virulence genes-deleted SG. The SG ghosts with tunnel formation and loss of cytoplasmic contents were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The cell viability of the culture solution was decreased to 0% at 24h after the induction of gene E expression by an increase in temperature from 37°C to 42°C. The safety and protective efficacy of the SG ghost vaccine was further examined in chickens which were divided into three groups: group A (non-immunized control), group B (orally immunized), and group C (intramuscularly immunized). The birds were immunized at 7d of age. No clinical symptoms associated with FT such as anorexia, depression and greenish diarrhea were observed in the immunized chickens. Upon challenge with a virulent SG strain at 3 week post-immunization, the chickens immunized with the SG ghost via various routes were efficiently protected, as shown by significantly lower mortality and post-mortem lesions in comparison with control group. In addition, all the immunized chickens showed significantly higher antibody responses accompanied by a potent antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative response along with significantly increased numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Overall, our results provide a promising approach of generating SG ghosts using the antibiotic resistance free plasmid in order to prepare a non-living bacterial vaccine candidate which could be environmentally safe yet efficient to prevent FT in chickens.
Vaccine.Vaccine.2014 Feb 19;32(9):1093-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.053. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
A safety enhanced Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) ghost was constructed using an antibiotic resistance gene free plasmid and evaluated its potential as fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine candidate. The antibiotic resistance free pYA3342 plasmid possesses aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene which is complime
PMID 24406393

SitA contributes to the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse infection model.

Sun WS1, Syu WJ2, Ho WL3, Lin CN3, Tsai SF4, Wang SH5.Author information 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei City 115, Taiwan, ROC.2Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei City 115, Taiwan, ROC.3Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, Taipei City 112, Taiwan, ROC.4Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan, ROC.5Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: shwang@mail.ncyu.edu.tw.AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes a wide range of nosocomial infections. Recently, antibiotic resistance makes K. pneumoniae infection difficult to deal with. Investigation on virulence determinants of K. pneumoniae can provide more information about pathogenesis and unveil new targets for treatment or vaccine development. In this study, SitA, a Fur-regulated divalent cation transporter, was found significantly increased when K. pneumoniae was cultured in a nutrient-limited condition. A sitA-deletion strain (ΔsitA) was created to characterize the importance of SitA in virulence. ΔsitA showed higher sensitivity toward hydroperoxide than its parental strain. In a mouse intraperitoneal infection model, the survival rate of mice infected with ΔsitA strain increased greatly when compared with that of mice infected with the parental strain, suggesting that sitA deletion attenuates the bacterial virulence in vivo. To test whether ΔsitA strain is a potential vaccine candidate, mice were immunized with inactivated bacteria and then challenged with the wild-type strain. The results showed that using ΔsitA mutant protected mice better than using the wild-type strain or the capsule-negative congenic bacteria. In summary, SitA was found being important for the growth of K. pneumoniae in vivo and deleting sitA might be a potential approach to generate vaccines against K. pneumoniae.
Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur.Microbes Infect.2014 Feb;16(2):161-70. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.10.019. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes a wide range of nosocomial infections. Recently, antibiotic resistance makes K. pneumoniae infection difficult to deal with. Investigation on virulence determinants of K. pneumoniae can provide more information about pathogenesis and u
PMID 24211873

Development and pre-clinical evaluation of a trivalent, formalin-inactivated Shigella whole cell vaccine.

Kaminski RW, Wu M, Turbyfill KR, Clarkson K, Tai B, Bourgeois AL, Van De Verg LL, Walker RI, Oaks EV.Author information Department of Subunit Enteric Vaccines and Immunology, Bacterial Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD.AbstractStudies were undertaken to manufacture a multivalent Shigella inactivated whole cell vaccine that is safe, effective, and inexpensive. Using several formalin concentrations, temperatures, and incubation periods, an optimized set of inactivation conditions were established for S. flexneri 2a, S. sonnei, and S. flexneri 3a to produce inactivated whole cells expressing a full repertoire of Ipa proteins and LPS. The selected inactivation conditions were treatment with 0.2% formalin (S. flexneri 2a and S. flexneri 3a) or 0.6% formalin (S. sonnei) for 48 hr at 25oC. Vaccine formulations prepared under different inactivation conditions, dose amounts (10E5, 10E7 and 10E9 cells) and inclusion of dmLT were evaluated in mice. Two intranasal immunizations with ≥ 10E7 inactivated whole cells resulted in high levels of anti-Invaplex and moderate levels of LPS-specific IgG and IgA in serum, lung and intestinal washes. Addition of dmLT to the vaccine formulations did not significantly enhance humoral immunogenicity. Minimal humoral responses for IpaB, IpaC, or IpaD were detected after immunization with Shigella inactivated whole cells regardless of the vaccine inactivation conditions. In guinea pigs monovalent formulations of S. flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, or S. sonnei consisting of 10E8, 10E9, or 10E10 cells were protective in the keratoconjunctivitis assay. A trivalent formulation provided protection against all three serotypes (S. flexneri 2a p=0.018, S. flexneri 3a p=0.04 and S. sonnei p<0.0001). The inactivated Shigella whole cell vaccine approach incorporates an uncomplicated manufacturing process that is compatible with multivalency and future development of a broadly protective Shigella vaccine.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI.Clin Vaccine Immunol.2014 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Studies were undertaken to manufacture a multivalent Shigella inactivated whole cell vaccine that is safe, effective, and inexpensive. Using several formalin concentrations, temperatures, and incubation periods, an optimized set of inactivation conditions were established for S. flexneri 2a, S. sonn
PMID 24403527

Japanese Journal

ヒラメに対する Edwardsiella tarda-Streptococcus iniae-Streptococcus parauberis 3 種混合ワクチンの有効性

HAN Sang Yoon,KANG Bo Kyu,KANG Bong Jo,KIM Jong Man,HAN Jee Eun,KIM Ji Hyung,CHORESCA Casiano Jr.,SHIN Sang Phil,JUN Jin Woo,PARK Se Chang
魚病研究 46(4), 108-111, 2011-12-15
… We evaluated the protective efficacy of a combined vaccine containing formalin-inactivated Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, and S. … The fish were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of the combined vaccine. … The fish were then challenged by intraperitoneal injection of the three bacterial strains. …
NAID 10030255158