同: HVR

WordNet

the approximate amount of something (usually used prepositionally as in `in the region of' (同)neighborhood
the extended spatial location of something; "the farming regions of France"; "religions in all parts of the world"; "regions of outer space" (同)part
a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited realm of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult" (同)realm
a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; "penguins inhabit the polar regions"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(地理的な)『地域』,『地帯』;(特に広大な)地方 / 《複数形で》(宇宙などの)区分,界,属 / (身体の)部分 / (学問などの)分野,領域 / 《複数形で》(都会から離れた)地方

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/26 14:34:01」(JST)

wiki en

A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within nuclear DNA or the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pairs of nucleotides repeat (in the case of nuclear DNA) or have substitutions (in the case of mitochondrial DNA). Changes or repeats in the hypervariable region are highly polymorphic.

Nuclear[edit source | edit]

Mitochondrial[edit source | edit]

There are two mitochondrial hypervariable regions used in human mitochondrial genealogical DNA testing. HVR1 is considered a "low resolution" region and HVR2 is considered a "high resolution" region. Getting HVR1 and HVR2 DNA tests can help determine one's haplogroup. HVR1 locations are numbered 16001-16568. HVR2 locations are numbered 001-574.

In some bony fishes, for example certain Protacanthopterygii and Gadidae, the mitochondrial control region evolves remarkably slowly. Even functional mitochondrial genes accumulate mutations faster and more freely. It is not known whether such hypovariable control regions are more widespread. In the Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), an East Asian protacanthopterygian, control region mutation rate is not markedly lowered, but sequence differences between subspecies are far lower in the control region than elsewhere. This phenomenon completely defies explanation at present.^[1]

Antibodies[edit source | edit]

Main articles: V(D)J recombination and Somatic hypermutation

In antibodies, hypervariable regions form the antigen-binding site and are found on both light and heavy chains.^[2] They also contribute to the specificity of each antibody.^[2] In a variable region, the 3 H_V segments of each heavy or light chain fold together at the N-terminus to form an antigen binding pocket.

See also: Complementarity determining region and Framework region

References[edit source | edit]

^ Takeshima, Hirohiko; Iguchi, Kei-ichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi (2005): Unexpected Ceiling of Genetic Differentiation in the Control Region of the Mitochondrial DNA between Different Subspecies of the Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. Zool. Sci. 22(4): 401–410. doi:10.2108/zsj.22.401 (HTML abstract)
^ ^a ^b Michael Stein; Paul Zei; Gloria Hwang; Radhika Breaden (2000). Cracking The Boards: USMLE Step 1. The Princeton Review. Retrieved 5 September 2011. "Antibodies are remarkably specific, thanks to hypervariable regions in both light and heavy chains. The hyperbariable regions for the antigen-binding site."

External links[edit source | edit]

Hypervariable region at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
DNA: Forensic and Legal Applications, Explanation of Hypervariable Regions

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