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condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue; "a successful graft or transplant requires a high degree of histocompatibility"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/01 05:06:01」(JST)

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Histocompatibility, or tissue compatibility, is the property of having the same, or mostly the same, alleles of a set of genes called human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Each HLA allele represents a distinct immunological tissue type. On a populational level there is a great number of different alleles at each HLA loci on 6p21.3 in humans. However on an individual level a person can only inherit two alleles for each HLA locus due to the limits of reproductive meiosis. This creates a situation where a person's spread of HLA alleles (or tissue types) may or may not match another's. Histocompatibility is thus a measure of how similarly two people's HLA alleles or tissue types matches up. The more closely two people's HLA alleles match up, the less one's donor tissue graft will be rejected by the recipient's immune system.

The gene products of HLA code for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. These genes are expressed on the surface of most tissues as self-antigens, to which the immune system raises antibodies to recognise, but becomes tolerant to. The immune system at first makes antibodies to all sorts of antigens, including those it has never been exposed to, but stops making them to self antigens (MHCs) present on own tissues. When receiving a tissue graft, the recipient's immune system will react to and attack the donor tissue unless it expresses the same set of MHC tissue antigens as the recipient's, for which it has learned not to react against. Which is to say the more similar the spread of HLA alleles are between two people, the more tolerant they would be to each other's tissue or organ MHC antigens. Practically organising transplant operations means seeking out donors with similar tissue types, most often siblings, though due to the number of HLA loci involved it is rare to find a complete tissue type match even between siblings (unless they are identical twins). This is why most transplants will require post-operative immunosuppressant therapy - unless the transplanted tissue enjoys immune privilege, such as with corneal transplants.

A similar system exists in many plants; its purpose is not to reject grafts but to prevent inbreeding. Pollen from a plant sharing a histocompatibility gene with the female either fails to grow or dies soon after germinating.

External links

Histocompatibility at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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English Journal

Immunological considerations for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell banking.

Taylor CJ, Bolton EM, Bradley JA.SourceHistocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cambridge University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. craig.taylor@addenbrookes
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.2011 Aug 12;366(1575):2312-22.
Recent advances in stem cell technology have generated enthusiasm for their potential to study and treat a diverse range of human disease. Pluripotent human stem cells for therapeutic use may, in principle, be obtained from two sources: embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are capable of extensive se
PMID 21727137

Neutralization of LPS or blockage of TLR4 signaling prevents stress-triggered fetal loss in murine pregnancy.

Friebe A, Douglas AJ, Solano E, Blois SM, Hagen E, Klapp BF, Clark DA, Arck PC.SourceDepartment of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstrase, Bochum, Germany. astrid.friebe@rub.de
Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany).J Mol Med (Berl).2011 Jul;89(7):689-99. doi: 10.1007/s00109-011-0743-5. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
Maternal stress can cause loss of both histocompatible (syngeneic) and histoincompatible (semiallogeneic) embryos in pregnant mice. Stress increases abortogenic Th1 cytokines and reduces levels of anti-abortogenic Th2 cytokines, progesterone levels, and T regulatory cell activity. While physiologica
PMID 21387177

Japanese Journal

Derivation of Histocompatible Stem Cells from Ovarian Tissue

GONG Seung Pyo,LEE Jae Hee,LIM Jeong Mook
The Journal of reproduction and development 56(5), 481-494, 2010-10-01
… To circumvent the serious ethical issues associated with this use of embryos, researchers have developed several alternative methods for the production of histocompatible stem cells. … In our research, we have used two methods to derive histocompatible stem cells from murine ovarian tissue. …
NAID 10027571660

Short- and Mid-Term Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis of the New Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent With Durable Polymer : Results From the RESOLUTE Trial

WASEDA Katsuhisa,AKO Junya,YAMASAKI Masao,KOIZUMI Tomomi,ORMISTON John,WORTHLEY Stephen G.,WHITBOURN Robert J.,WALTERS Darren L.,HONDA Yasuhiro,MEREDITH Ian T.,FITZGERALD Peter J.,The RESOLUTE Trial Investigators
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 74(10), 2097-2102, 2010-09-25
… Background: The Resolute stent is a newly developed system with a bio-histocompatible polymer that allows programmed drug delivery up to 180 days. …
NAID 10026640181