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condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue; "a successful graft or transplant requires a high degree of histocompatibility"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/21 20:38:45」(JST)

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Histocompatibility, or tissue compatibility, is the property of having the same, or mostly the same, alleles of a set of genes called human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Each HLA allele represents a distinct immunological tissue type. On a populational level there is a great number of different alleles at each HLA loci on Chromosome 6 at 6p21.3 in humans. However on an individual level a person can only inherit two alleles for each HLA gene locus due to the limits of sexually reproductive meiosis. This creates a situation where a person's spread of HLA alleles (or tissue types) may or may not match another's. Histocompatibility is thus a measure of how similarly two people's HLA alleles or tissue types matches up. The more closely two people's HLA alleles match up, the less one's donor tissue graft will be rejected by the recipient's immune system.

The gene products of HLA code for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, found in all vertebrates. These genes are expressed on the surface of most tissues as self-antigens, to which the immune system raises antibodies to recognise, but becomes tolerant to. The immune system at first makes antibodies to all sorts of antigens, including those it has never been exposed to, but stops making them to self antigens (MHCs) present on own tissues. When receiving a tissue graft, the recipient's immune system will react to and attack the donor tissue unless it expresses the same set of MHC tissue antigens as the recipient's, for which it has learned not to react against. Which is to say the more similar the spread of HLA alleles are between two people, the more tolerant they would be to each other's tissue or organ MHC antigens. Practically organising transplant operations means seeking out donors with similar tissue types, most often siblings, though due to the number of HLA loci involved it is rare to find a complete tissue type match even between siblings (unless they are identical twins). This is why most transplants will require post-operative immunosuppressant therapy - unless the transplanted tissue enjoys immune privilege, such as with corneal transplants.

A similar system exists in many plants; its purpose is not to reject grafts but to prevent inbreeding. Pollen from a plant sharing a histocompatibility gene with the female either fails to grow or dies soon after germinating.

External links

Histocompatibility at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 主要組織適合性複合体（MHC）の構造および機能 major histocompatibility complex mhc structure and function
2. 移植免疫 transplantation immunobiology
3. 腎移植におけるHLAマッチングと移植片生着率 hla matching and graft survival in kidney transplantation
4. 移植片対宿主病の病因 pathogenesis of graft versus host disease
5. サルコイドーシスの病因 pathogenesis of sarcoidosis

English Journal

Structural and functional mosaic nature of MHC class I molecules in their peptide-free form.

Kurimoto E, Kuroki K, Yamaguchi Y, Yagi-Utsumi M, Igaki T, Iguchi T, Maenaka K, Kato K.SourceGraduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2013 Oct;55(3-4):393-9. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.03.014. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
Despite well-organized peptide-loading mechanisms within the endoplasmic reticulum, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules can be displayed on cell surfaces in peptide-free forms. Although these empty MHC-I (eMHC-I) molecules are presumably involved in physiological and pathologi
PMID 23578712

The MHC2TA 1614 C>G gene polymorphism is associated with risk of developing acute coronary syndrome.

Vargas-Alarcón G, Martínez-Ríos MA, Peña-Duque MA, Posadas-Romero C, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Vallejo M, Ramírez-Bello J, Pérez-Méndez O, Fragoso JM.SourceDepartment of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2013 Oct;55(3-4):424-8. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.02.007. Epub 2013 Mar 16.
BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an essential role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. The major histocompatibility complex class II trans-activator (MHC2TA) is considered an important molecule in the inflammatory process regulation. The aim of the present study was to evalu
PMID 23511026

Endosomal trafficking of open Major Histocompatibility Class I conformers--implications for presentation of endocytosed antigens.

Mahmutefendić H, Zagorac GB, Tomaš MI, Groettrup M, Momburg F, Lučin P.SourceUniversity of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Rijeka, Croatia.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2013 Sep;55(2):149-52. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.008. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
Major Histocompatibility Class I (MHC-I) molecules are present at the cell surface either as fully conformed trimolecular complexes composed of heavy chain, beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) and antigenic peptide or as various open forms, devoid of the peptide and/or β2m. While the role of fully conforme
PMID 23200229

How to target MHC class II into the MIIC compartment.

Garstka MA, Neefjes J.SourceNetherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.garstka@nki.nl
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2013 Sep;55(2):162-5. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.022. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (MHC II) present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells to modulate immune responses. To contact these antigens, MHC II is delivered to the late endosomal MHC class II compartment (MIIC). This compartment has a complex architecture and consists o
PMID 23200228

Japanese Journal

Histocompatible Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells as a Potential Tissue Source for Regenerative Medicine (Mini Symposium : Contemporary Overview of the Role of Embryonic Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine and ART)

Yabuuchi Akiko,Rehman Haniya,Kim Kitai
Journal of mammalian ova research 29(1), 17-21, 2012-04
NAID 40019312239

4)免疫学的異常による流産原因の解明(シンポジウム1「流産の原因と対策」,第63回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

中島彰俊
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(12), 2185-2197, 2011-12-01
… For example, villous trophoblasts do not express classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules in humans, and human extravillous trophoblasts express only MHC-class I molecules such as human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C, HLA-E, and HLA-G, which are specific ligands for uterine natural killer (NK) cells. …
NAID 110008799037

Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in Burmese rhesus macaques

Nakamura Midori,Takahara Yusuke,Ishii Hiroshi [他]
Microbiology and immunology 55(11), 768-773, 2011-11
NAID 40019165034

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リンク元	「組織適合性」「histocompatible」「histocompatability」
拡張検索	「histocompatibility antigen」「histocompatibility antigen class I」「major histocompatibility complex class」