グリシルtRNA合成酵素、グリシルtRNAシンテターゼ
- 関
- glycine-tRNA ligase
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/01 14:52:02」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
"GARS" redirects here. For the geospatial reference system, see Global Area Reference System.
| GARS |
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| Available structures |
| PDB |
Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB |
| List of PDB id codes |
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2PME, 2PMF, 2Q5H, 2Q5I, 2ZT5, 2ZT6, 2ZT7, 2ZT8, 2ZXF, 4KQE, 4KR2, 4QEI, 5E6M
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| Identifiers |
| Aliases |
GARS, CMT2D, DSMAV, GlyRS, HMN5, SMAD1, glycyl-tRNA synthetase |
| External IDs |
OMIM: 600287 MGI: 2449057 HomoloGene: 1547 GeneCards: GARS |
| Gene ontology |
| Molecular function |
• aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
• nucleotide binding
• ligase activity
• protein dimerization activity
• ATP binding
• glycine-tRNA ligase activity
• bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) activity
• hydrolase activity
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| Cellular component |
• axon
• mitochondrial matrix
• cell projection
• secretory granule
• mitochondrion
• cytosol
• cytoplasm
• extracellular exosome
• extracellular region
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| Biological process |
• glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation
• diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
• tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
• translation
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| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO |
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| RNA expression pattern |
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| More reference expression data |
| Orthologs |
| Species |
Human |
Mouse |
| Entrez |
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| Ensembl |
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| UniProt |
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| RefSeq (mRNA) |
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| RefSeq (protein) |
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| Location (UCSC) |
Chr 7: 30.59 – 30.63 Mb |
Chr 6: 55.04 – 55.08 Mb |
| PubMed search |
[1] |
[2] |
| Wikidata |
| View/Edit Human |
View/Edit Mouse |
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Glycine—tRNA ligase also known as glycyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GARS gene.[3][4][5]
Contents
- 1 Function
- 2 Reaction
- 3 Interactions
- 4 Clinical relevance
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
Function
This gene encodes glycyl-tRNA synthetase, one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded enzyme is an (alpha)2 dimer which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases.[5]
Reaction
| glycine-tRNA ligase |
| Identifiers |
| EC number |
6.1.1.14 |
| CAS number |
9037-62-1 |
| Databases |
| IntEnz |
IntEnz view |
| BRENDA |
BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy |
NiceZyme view |
| KEGG |
KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc |
metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM |
profile |
| PDB structures |
RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology |
AmiGO / EGO |
| Search |
| PMC |
articles |
| PubMed |
articles |
| NCBI |
proteins |
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In enzymology, a glycine-tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
- ATP + glycine + tRNAGly AMP + diphosphate + glycyl-tRNAGly
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, glycine, and tRNA(Gly), whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon-oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycine:tRNAGly ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include glycyl-tRNA synthetase, glycyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, glycyl-transfer RNA synthetase, glycyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, and glycyl translase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis.
Interactions
Glycyl-tRNA synthetase has been shown to interact with EEF1D.[6] Mutant forms of the protein associated with peripheral nerve disease have been shown to aberrantly bind to the transmembrane receptor protein neuropilin 1.[7]
Clinical relevance
Glycyl-tRNA synthetase has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis.[5]
The peripheral nerve diseases Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) have been liked to dominant mutations in GARS.[8][9] CMT2D usually manifests during the teenage years, and results in muscle weakness predominantly in the hands and feet.[10] Two mouse models of CMT2D have been used to better understand the disease, identifying that the disorder is caused by a toxic gain-of-function of the mutant glycine-tRNA ligase protein.[11] The CMT2D mice display peripheral nerve axon degeneration [12][13] and defective development[14] and function[15]> of the neuromuscular junction.
See also
References
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ^ Nichols RC, Pai SI, Ge Q, Targoff IN, Plotz PH, Liu P (Nov 1995). "Localization of two human autoantigen genes by PCR screening and in situ hybridization--glycyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 7p15 and alanyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 16q22". Genomics. 30 (1): 131–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0028. PMID 8595897.
- ^ Ionasescu V, Searby C, Sheffield VC, Roklina T, Nishimura D, Ionasescu R (Sep 1996). "Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth axonal neuropathy mapped on chromosome 7p (CMT2D)". Human Molecular Genetics. 5 (9): 1373–5. doi:10.1093/hmg/5.9.1373. PMID 8872480.
- ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: GARS glycyl-tRNA synthetase".
- ^ Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S (Feb 2002). "Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 291 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6398. PMID 11829477.
- ^ He W, Bai G, Zhou H, Wei N, White NM, Lauer J, Liu H, Shi Y, Dumitru CD, Lettieri K, Shubayev V, Jordanova A, Guergueltcheva V, Griffin PR, Burgess RW, Pfaff SL, Yang XL (2015). "CMT2D neuropathy is linked to the neomorphic binding activity of glycyl-tRNA synthetase". Nature. 526 (7575): 710–4. doi:10.1038/nature15510. PMC 4754353 . PMID 26503042.
- ^ Motley WW, Talbot K, Fischbeck KH (Feb 2010). "GARS axonopathy: not every neuron's cup of tRNA". Trends in Neurosciences. 33 (2): 59–66. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.001. PMC 2822721 . PMID 20152552.
- ^ Antonellis A, Ellsworth RE, Sambuughin N, Puls I, Abel A, Lee-Lin SQ, Jordanova A, Kremensky I, Christodoulou K, Middleton LT, Sivakumar K, Ionasescu V, Funalot B, Vance JM, Goldfarb LG, Fischbeck KH, Green ED (2003). "Glycyl tRNA synthetase mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (5): 1293–9. doi:10.1086/375039. PMC 1180282 . PMID 12690580.
- ^ Sivakumar K, Kyriakides T, Puls I, Nicholson GA, Funalot B, Antonellis A, Sambuughin N, Christodoulou K, Beggs JL, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Ionasescu V, Dalakas MC, Green ED, Fischbeck KH, Goldfarb LG (Oct 2005). "Phenotypic spectrum of disorders associated with glycyl-tRNA synthetase mutations". Brain. 128 (Pt 10): 2304–14. doi:10.1093/brain/awh590. PMID 16014653.
- ^ Motley WW, Seburn KL, Nawaz MH, Miers KE, Cheng J, Antonellis A, Green ED, Talbot K, Yang XL, Fischbeck KH, Burgess RW (Dec 2011). "Charcot-Marie-Tooth-linked mutant GARS is toxic to peripheral neurons independent of wild-type GARS levels". PLoS Genetics. 7 (12): e1002399. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002399. PMC 3228828 . PMID 22144914.
- ^ Seburn KL, Nangle LA, Cox GA, Schimmel P, Burgess RW (Sep 2006). "An active dominant mutation of glycyl-tRNA synthetase causes neuropathy in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2D mouse model". Neuron. 51 (6): 715–26. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.027. PMID 16982418.
- ^ Achilli F, Bros-Facer V, Williams HP, Banks GT, AlQatari M, Chia R, Tucci V, Groves M, Nickols CD, Seburn KL, Kendall R, Cader MZ, Talbot K, van Minnen J, Burgess RW, Brandner S, Martin JE, Koltzenburg M, Greensmith L, Nolan PM, Fisher EM (Jul–Aug 2009). "An ENU-induced mutation in mouse glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) causes peripheral sensory and motor phenotypes creating a model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2D peripheral neuropathy". Disease Models & Mechanisms. 2 (7-8): 359–73. doi:10.1242/dmm.002527. PMC 2707104 . PMID 19470612.
- ^ Sleigh JN, Grice SJ, Burgess RW, Talbot K, Cader MZ (May 2014). "Neuromuscular junction maturation defects precede impaired lower motor neuron connectivity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2D mice". Human Molecular Genetics. 23 (10): 2639–50. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt659. PMID 24368416.
- ^ Spaulding EL, Sleigh JN, Morelli KH, Pinter MJ, Burgess RW, Seburn KL (2016). "Synaptic Deficits at Neuromuscular Junctions in Two Mouse Models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2d". The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 36 (11): 3254–67. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1762-15.2016. PMC 4792937 . PMID 26985035.
Further reading
- Fraser MJ (May 1963). "Glycyl-RNA synthetase of rat liver: partial purification and effects of some metal ions on its activity". Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. 41: 1123–33. doi:10.1139/o63-128. PMID 13959340.
- Niyomporn B, Dahl JL, Strominger JL (Feb 1968). "Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. IX. Purification and properties of glycyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Staphylococcus aureus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 243 (4): 773–8. PMID 4295604.
- Hipps D, Shiba K, Henderson B, Schimmel P (Jun 1995). "Operational RNA code for amino acids: species-specific aminoacylation of minihelices switched by a single nucleotide". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (12): 5550–2. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.12.5550. PMC 41733 . PMID 7539919.
- Williams J, Osvath S, Khong TF, Pearse M, Power D (Apr 1995). "Cloning, sequencing and bacterial expression of human glycine tRNA synthetase". Nucleic Acids Research. 23 (8): 1307–10. doi:10.1093/nar/23.8.1307. PMC 306854 . PMID 7753621.
- Ge Q, Trieu EP, Targoff IN (Nov 1994). "Primary structure and functional expression of human Glycyl-tRNA synthetase, an autoantigen in myositis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (46): 28790–7. PMID 7961834.
- Shiba K, Schimmel P, Motegi H, Noda T (Nov 1994). "Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Wide divergence of primary structure from bacterial counterpart and species-specific aminoacylation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (47): 30049–55. PMID 7962006.
- Rho SB, Lee KH, Kim JW, Shiba K, Jo YJ, Kim S (Sep 1996). "Interaction between human tRNA synthetases involves repeated sequence elements". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (19): 10128–33. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10128. PMC 38348 . PMID 8816763.
- Mudge SJ, Williams JH, Eyre HJ, Sutherland GR, Cowan PJ, Power DA (Mar 1998). "Complex organisation of the 5'-end of the human glycine tRNA synthetase gene". Gene. 209 (1-2): 45–50. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00007-9. PMID 9524218.
- Kneussel M, Hermann A, Kirsch J, Betz H (Mar 1999). "Hydrophobic interactions mediate binding of the glycine receptor beta-subunit to gephyrin". Journal of Neurochemistry. 72 (3): 1323–6. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721323.x. PMID 10037506.
- Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S (Feb 2002). "Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 291 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6398. PMID 11829477.
- Antonellis A, Ellsworth RE, Sambuughin N, Puls I, Abel A, Lee-Lin SQ, Jordanova A, Kremensky I, Christodoulou K, Middleton LT, Sivakumar K, Ionasescu V, Funalot B, Vance JM, Goldfarb LG, Fischbeck KH, Green ED (May 2003). "Glycyl tRNA synthetase mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (5): 1293–9. doi:10.1086/375039. PMC 1180282 . PMID 12690580.
- Del Bo R, Locatelli F, Corti S, Scarlato M, Ghezzi S, Prelle A, Fagiolari G, Moggio M, Carpo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP (Mar 2006). "Coexistence of CMT-2D and distal SMA-V phenotypes in an Italian family with a GARS gene mutation". Neurology. 66 (5): 752–4. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000201275.18875.ac. PMID 16534118.
- James PA, Cader MZ, Muntoni F, Childs AM, Crow YJ, Talbot K (Nov 2006). "Severe childhood SMA and axonal CMT due to anticodon binding domain mutations in the GARS gene". Neurology. 67 (9): 1710–2. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000242619.52335.bc. PMID 17101916.
- Xie W, Schimmel P, Yang XL (Dec 2006). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a native human tRNA synthetase whose allelic variants are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Acta Crystallographica Section F. 62 (Pt 12): 1243–6. doi:10.1107/S1744309106046434. PMC 2225372 . PMID 17142907.
- Cader MZ, Ren J, James PA, Bird LE, Talbot K, Stammers DK (Jun 2007). "Crystal structure of human wildtype and S581L-mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme underlying distal spinal muscular atrophy". FEBS Letters. 581 (16): 2959–64. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.046. PMID 17544401.
- Xie W, Nangle LA, Zhang W, Schimmel P, Yang XL (Jun 2007). "Long-range structural effects of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutation in human glycyl-tRNA synthetase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (24): 9976–81. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703908104. PMC 1891255 . PMID 17545306.
External links
- GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 2
- GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on GARS-Associated Axonal Neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 2D, Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy V
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PDB gallery
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2pme: The Apo crystal Structure of the glycyl-tRNA synthetase
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2pmf: The crystal structure of a human glycyl-tRNA synthetase mutant
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Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)
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| 6.1: Carbon-Oxygen |
- Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartate
- Cysteine
- D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase
- Glutamate
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Proline
- Serine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Tyrosine
- Valine
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| 6.2: Carbon-Sulfur |
- Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase
- Acetyl—CoA synthetase
- Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase
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| 6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen |
- Glutamine synthetase
- Ubiquitin ligase
- Cullin
- Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
- UBE3A
- Mdm2
- Anaphase-promoting complex
- UBR1
- Glutathione synthetase
- CTP synthetase
- Adenylosuccinate synthase
- Argininosuccinate synthase
- Holocarboxylase synthetase
- GMP synthase
- Asparagine synthetase
- Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
- Glutamate–cysteine ligase
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Enzymes
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| Activity |
- Active site
- Binding site
- Catalytic triad
- Oxyanion hole
- Enzyme promiscuity
- Catalytically perfect enzyme
- Coenzyme
- Cofactor
- Enzyme catalysis
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| Regulation |
- Allosteric regulation
- Cooperativity
- Enzyme inhibitor
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| Classification |
- EC number
- Enzyme superfamily
- Enzyme family
- List of enzymes
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| Kinetics |
- Enzyme kinetics
- Eadie–Hofstee diagram
- Hanes–Woolf plot
- Lineweaver–Burk plot
- Michaelis–Menten kinetics
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| Types |
- EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
- EC2 Transferases (list)
- EC3 Hydrolases (list)
- EC4 Lyases (list)
- EC5 Isomerases (list)
- EC6 Ligases (list)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Ancient horizontal gene transfer and the last common ancestors.
- Fournier GP1, Andam CP2, Gogarten JP3.
- BMC evolutionary biology.BMC Evol Biol.2015 Apr 22;15:70. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0350-0.
- BACKGROUND: The genomic history of prokaryotic organismal lineages is marked by extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between groups of organisms at all taxonomic levels. These HGT events have played an essential role in the origin and distribution of biological innovations. Analyses of ancient g
- PMID 25897759
- The insertion domain 1 of class IIA dimeric glycyl-tRNA synthetase is a rubredoxin-like zinc ribbon.
- Kaur G1, Subramanian S2.
- Journal of structural biology.J Struct Biol.2015 Apr;190(1):38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
- The insertion domain 1 (ID1) of class IIA dimeric glycyl-tRNA synthetase (α2GRS) is an appended domain in the core catalytic region of the enzyme. ID1 has been shown to play a role in tRNA aminoacylation, mediating interaction with the acceptor arm of tRNA and diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) synt
- PMID 25721219
- Vanderwaltozyma polyspora possesses two glycyl-tRNA synthetase genes: One constitutive and one inducible.
- Chien CI1, Chen YL1, Chen SJ1, Chou CM1, Chen CY1, Wang CC2.
- Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B.Fungal Genet Biol.2015 Mar;76:47-56. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are housekeeping enzymes essential for protein synthesis. We herein present evidence that the yeast Vanderwaltozyma polyspora possesses two paralogous glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) genes-GRS1 and GRS2. Paradoxically, GRS1 provided functions in both the cytoplasm and mitoc
- PMID 25683380
Japanese Journal
- Anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase antibody associated interstitial lung disease without symptoms of polymyositis/dermatomyositis
- A novel mutation in <i>glycyl-tRNA synthetase</i> caused Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D with facial and respiratory muscle involvement
- 16 α_2型グリシルtRNA合成酵素を用いた全生物の分子系統解析(一般講演,第37回学術講演会講演要旨集)
Related Links
- 1. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1996 Jun;377(6):343-56. Glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Freist W(1), Logan DT, Gauss DH. Author information: (1)Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen, Germany. ...
- This gene encodes glycyl-tRNA synthetase, one of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The encoded enzyme is an (alpha)2 dimer which belongs to the class II family of ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- glycyl-tRNA synthetase
- 関
- グリシンtRNAリガーゼ、グリシルtRNAシンテターゼ
[★]
- 英
- glycyl-tRNA synthetase
- 関
- グリシルtRNA合成酵素
[★]
グリシンtRNAリガーゼ
- 関
- glycyl-tRNA synthetase
[★]
- 関
- ligase、synthase
[★]
トランスファーRNA, transfer RNA, 転位RNA
[★]
トランスファーRNA transfer RNAs