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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/10 12:13:35」(JST)

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A Glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell. It is a membrane-spanning protein and carries sugar molecules. It is heavily glycosylated (60%). Glycophorins are rich in sialic acid, which gives the red blood cells a very hydrophilic-charged coat. This enables them to circulate without adhering to other cells or vessel walls.

Identification

After separation of red cell membranes by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining with periodic acid-Schiff staining (PAS), four glycophorins have been identified. These have been named glycophorin A, B, C, and D in order of the quantity present in the membrane, gylycophorin A being the most and glycophorin D the least common. A fifth (glycophorin E) has been identified within the human genome but cannot easily be detected on routine gel staining. In total, the glycophorins constitute ~2% of the total erythrocyte membrane protein mass. These proteins are also known under different nomenclatures but they are probably best known as the glycophorins.

Family members

The following four human genes encode glycophorin proteins:

Glycophorin A
Glycophorin B
Glycophorin C
Glycophorin E

Glycophorin D is now known to be a variant of Glycophorin C.

References

External links

Glycophorin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Illustration at rcn.com
UMich Orientation of Proteins in Membranes protein/pdbid-1afo

This membrane protein–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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English Journal

The Glycophorin A Transmembrane Sequence within Integrin αvβ3 Creates a Non-Signaling Integrin with Low Basal Affinity That Is Strongly Adhesive under Force.

Müller MA, Opfer J, Brunie L, Volkhardt LA, Sinner EK, Boettiger D, Bochen A, Kessler H, Gottschalk KE, Reuning U.SourceClinical Research Unit, Department for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Journal of molecular biology.J Mol Biol.2013 Aug 23;425(16):2988-3006. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.020. Epub 2013 May 28.
Integrin heterodimeric cell adhesion and signaling receptors bind ligands of the extracellular matrix and relay signals bidirectionally across cell membranes. Thereby, integrins adopt multiple conformational and functional states that control ligand binding affinity and linkage to cytosolic/cytoskel
PMID 23727145

Glycophorin A transmembrane domain dimerization in plasma membrane vesicles derived from CHO, HEK 293T, and A431 cells.

Sarabipour S, Hristova K.SourceDepartment of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Aug;1828(8):1829-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.022. Epub 2013 Apr 2.
Membrane protein interactions, which underlie biological function, take place in the complex cellular membrane environment. Plasma membrane derived vesicles are a model system which allows the interactions between membrane proteins to be studied without the need for their extraction, purification, a
PMID 23562404

Enhanced erythroid cell differentiation in hypoxic condition is in part contributed by miR-210.

Sarakul O, Vattanaviboon P, Tanaka Y, Fucharoen S, Abe Y, Svasti S, Umemura T.SourceDepartment of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Blood cells, molecules & diseases.Blood Cells Mol Dis.2013 Aug;51(2):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.03.005. Epub 2013 Apr 24.
Erythropoiesis, a process of erythroid production, is controlled by several factors including oxygen level. In this study, the effect of oxygen tension on erythropoiesis was investigated in K562 erythroleukemic cell line and erythroid progenitor cells derived from normal and β-thalassemia/hemoglobi
PMID 23623309

Japanese Journal

Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Mammalian Erythroid AE1 Anion Exchanger Facilitated by a YXXΦ or a Noncanonical YXXXΦ Motif in the N-Terminal Stretch

WANG Chen-Chi,SATO Kota,OTSUKA Yayoi,OTSU Wataru,INABA Mutsumi
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1108240614, 2011
… EGFP-mAE1Flag showed rapid internalization, in association with the internalizations of transferrin and the endogenous AE1 chaperone-like protein glycophorin A in K562 cells. …
NAID 130001032919

One-step direct reconstitution of biomembranes onto cationic organic polymer bead supports.

Osei-Asante Samuel,Haratake Mamoru,Fuchigami Takeshi,Nakayama Morio
Journal of colloid and interface science 351(1), 96-101, 2010-11-01
… The RBC membrane-polymer bead complex was incubated with a primary antibody that is directed against the amino-terminal extracellular domain of the integral protein glycophorin A (GPA). …
NAID 120002400753

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リンク元

「グリコホリン」

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Glycophorin A
	; dimeric transmembrane domain of human glycophorin a, nmr, 20 structures
Identifiers
Symbol	Glycophorin_A
Pfam	PF01102
InterPro	IPR001195
PROSITE	PDOC00281
SCOP	1afo
SUPERFAMILY	1afo
OPM superfamily	25
OPM protein	1afo
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

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英: glycophorin
関: 赤血球

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案内

glycophorin