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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/06 01:32:15」(JST)

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Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct.^[1] Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream.

Classification

By structure

Exocrine glands contain a glandular portion and a duct portion, the structures of which can be used to classify the gland.^[1]

The duct portion may be branched (called compound) or unbranched (called simple).
The glandular portion may be tubular or acinar, or may be a mix of the two (called tubuloacinar). If the glandular portion branches, then the gland is called a branched gland.

By method of excretion

Exocrine glands are named apocrine glands, holocrine glands, or merocrine glands based on how their products are excreted.^[1]

Merocrine secretion – cells excrete their substances by exocytosis; for example, pancreatic acinar cells.
Apocrine secretion – a portion of the cell membrane that contains the excretion buds off.
Holocrine secretion – the entire cell disintegrates to excrete its substance; for example, sebaceous glands of the skin and nose.

By product excreted

Serous cells excrete proteins, often enzymes. Examples include gastric chief cells and Paneth cells
Mucous cells excrete mucus. Examples include Brunner's glands, esophageal glands, and pyloric glands
Mixed glands excrete both protein and mucus. Examples include the salivary glands, although the parotid gland is predominantly serous, the sublingual gland is mixed mainly mucous glands, and the submandibular gland is mixed , mainly serous gland. The mixed glands secret both serous and mucus

Additional images

Section of the human esophagus.
Dissection of a lactating breast.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Young B, Woodford P, O'Dowd G (2013). Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas (6th ed.). Elsevier. p. 95. ISBN 978-0702047473.

External links

Diagram at mhhe.com

English Journal

Antibodies against carbamylated proteins are present in primary Sjögren's syndrome and are associated with disease severity.

Bergum B1, Koro C1, Delaleu N1, Solheim M2, Hellvard A3, Binder V1, Jonsson R1, Valim V4, Hammenfors DS5, Jonsson MV6, Mydel P3.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases.Ann Rheum Dis.2016 Aug;75(8):1494-500. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207751. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
OBJECTIVES: Herein, we investigate the presence and prognostic value of autoantibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) in the serum of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum levels of anti-CarP antibodies were measured in Norwegian patients with pSS (n=
PMID 26350884

Detection of autoantibodies against aquaporin-5 in the sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Alam J1, Koh JH2, Kim N1, Kwok SK2, Park SH2, Song YW3, Park K4, Choi Y5.
Immunologic research.Immunol Res.2016 Aug;64(4):848-56. doi: 10.1007/s12026-016-8786-x.
The pathophysiology of exocrine dysfunction observed in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether autoantibodies against human AQP5 are present in the sera of SS patients. Frozen sections of mouse submandibular salivary glands, CHO cells o
PMID 26786004

Cutaneous cylindroma: it's all about MYB.

Corda G1,2, Sala A1,2.
The Journal of pathology.J Pathol.2016 Aug;239(4):391-3. doi: 10.1002/path.4746. Epub 2016 Jul 11.
Cutaneous cylindroma is a rare benign tumour that occasionally turns into malignant cylindrocarcinoma. The cancer can be sporadic or emerge in the context of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS), an inheritable condition characterized by mutation of the gene CYLD, encoding a tumour suppressor protein that
PMID 27185061

「外分泌腺」

Exocrine gland
	An acinus is a round cluster of exocrine cells connected to a duct.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	glandula exocrina
Code	TH H2.00.02.0.03014
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: exocrine gland
ラ: glandula exocrina
関: 内分泌腺

図：HIS.92

形状による分類

不分枝単一管状腺
分枝単一管状腺
不分枝単一胞状腺
分枝単一胞状腺
複合管状腺
複合胞状腺
複合管状胞状腺 (=分岐管状胞状腺)

[wheater-1] Young B, Woodford P, O'Dowd G (2013). Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas (6th ed.). Elsevier. p. 95. ISBN 978-0702047473.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

glandula exocrina