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Gallop rhythm
Specialty
Cardiology
A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation.[1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop.
The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S1 and S2 that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of valves in the heart.
A gallop rhythm contains another sound, called S3 or S4, dependent upon where in the cycle this added sound comes.
It can also contain both of these sounds forming a quadruple gallop, and in situations of very fast heart rate can produce a summation gallop where S3 and S4 occur so close as to be indistinguishable.
Associated conditions
Gallop rhythms may be heard in young or athletic people, but may also be a sign of serious cardiac problems like heart failure as well as pulmonary edema.
Gallop rhythms may be associated with the following:
Ventricular overload
Sinus tachycardia
The atrium has to contract strongly to push the blood through the stiffened ventricle.
References
^Tavel ME (November 1996). "The appearance of gallop rhythm after exercise stress testing". Clin Cardiol. 19 (11): 887–91. doi:10.1002/clc.4960191109. PMID 8914783.
External links
Classification
D
ICD-9-CM: 427.9, 785.3
chfpatients.com - suitable for non-medical people, but requires some knowledge of medical terms
familypractice.com - requires knowledge of medical terms
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/20/6/1053.short - American Heart Assoc., Gallop Rhythm of the Heart
Kuo PT, Schnabel TG, Blakemore WS, Whereat AF (1957). "Diastolic gallop sounds, the mechanism of production". J. Clin. Invest. 36 (7): 1035–42. doi:10.1172/JCI103499. PMC 1072690. PMID 13449156.
v
t
e
Physiology of the cardiovascular system
Heart
Cardiac output
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Stroke volume
End-diastolic volume
End-systolic volume
Afterload
Preload
Frank–Starling law
Cardiac function curve
Venous return curve
Wiggers diagram
Pressure volume diagram
Ultrasound
Fractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimension
End-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimension
Aortic valve area calculation
Ejection fraction
Cardiac index
Heart rate
Cardiac pacemaker
Chronotropic (Heart rate)
Dromotropic (Conduction velocity)
Inotropic (Contractility)
Bathmotropic (Excitability)
Lusitropic (Relaxation)
Conduction
Conduction system
Cardiac electrophysiology
Action potential
cardiac
atrial
ventricular
Effective refractory period
Pacemaker potential
Electrocardiography
P wave
PR interval
QRS complex
QT interval
ST segment
T wave
U wave
Hexaxial reference system
Chamber pressure
Central venous
Right
atrial
ventricular
pulmonary artery
wedge
Left
atrial
ventricular
Aortic
Other
Ventricular remodeling
Vascular system/ Hemodynamics
Blood flow
Compliance
Vascular resistance
Pulse
Perfusion
Blood pressure
Pulse pressure
Systolic
Diastolic
Mean arterial pressure
Jugular venous pressure
Portal venous pressure
Regulation of BP
Baroreflex
Kinin–kallikrein system
Renin–angiotensin system
Vasoconstrictors
Vasodilators
Autoregulation
Myogenic mechanism
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Cerebral autoregulation
Paraganglia
Aortic body
Carotid body
Glomus cell
v
t
e
Symptoms and signs relating to the cardiovascular system (R00–R03, 785)
Chest pain
Referred pain
Angina
Aerophagia
Auscultation
Heart sounds
Split S2
S3
S4
Gallop rhythm
Heart murmur
Systolic
Diastolic
Continuous
Pericardial friction rub
Heart click
Bruit
carotid
Pulse
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Pulsus tardus et parvus
Pulsus paradoxus
doubled
Pulsus bisferiens
Dicrotic pulse
Pulsus bigeminus
Pulsus alternans
Pulse deficit
Vascular disease
Gangrene
Other
Palpitations
Apex beat
Cœur en sabot
Jugular venous pressure
Cannon A waves
Hyperaemia
Shock
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Hypovolemic
Distributive
Septic
Neurogenic
Refractory vasodilatory shock
UpToDate Contents
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… decreasing intensity of gallops of LV origin and the increasing intensity of gallops of RV origin can be appreciated. Furthermore, the intensity of the right-sided gallop sound increases during… Premature beats and an idioventricular rhythm of LV origin (QRS complex of RBBB morphology) are also associated with wide splitting.…
…typically become softer in the upright position. Gallop rhythm (third heart sound [S3] or fourth heart sound [S4]) ( and and ) – While an S3 gallop is occasionally heard in normal children, the presence …
…irregular heart rhythm is a common problem that has numerous etiologies ranging from normal benign variants to malignant arrhythmias. Determining the underlying cause of an irregular rhythm is important,… and auscultation of the heart to assess the heart sounds and detect the presence of a gallop or murmur.…
…decreased capillary refill, decreased peripheral pulses, and lowered systemic blood pressure. Gallop rhythm – An S3 gallop may be present in children with diminished cardiac output or volume overload. Pulmonary …
…native cardiac function. It is affected by LV preload, afterload, contractility, heart rate, and rhythm, as well as by pump speed. With continuous-flow VADs, there is often no palpable pulse and minimal …
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