WordNet

a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
the quotient of two rational numbers
a small part or item forming a piece of a whole
constituting or comprising a part or fraction of a possible whole or entirety; "a fractional share of the vote"; "a partial dose"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『破片』,断片;(…の)一部,わずか《+『of』+『名』》 / 『分数』
断片の;わずかの,取るに足りない / 分数の
〈U〉排泄,排泄作用 / 〈U〉〈C〉排泄物,分泌物

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 急性腎障害（急性腎不全）におけるナトリウム（FENa）、尿素（FEUrea）、およびその他分子の排泄率 fractional excretion of sodium urea and other molecules in acute kidney injury acute renal failure
2. 計算ツール：ナトリウム排泄分画（SI単位） calculator fractional excretion of sodium si units
3. Evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock
4. 成人における体液量減少の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of volume depletion in adults
5. 遠位（I型）および近位（II型）尿細管性アシドーシスの病因および診断 etiology and diagnosis of distal type 1 and proximal type 2 renal tubular acidosis

English Journal

Uric acid and the kidney.

Fathallah-Shaykh SA1, Cramer MT.Author information 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, 516 Ambulatory Care Center, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA, sfathallah@peds.uab.edu.AbstractUric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, is excreted predominantly by the proximal tubules. Abnormal serum levels of uric acid are due to alterations in production or excretion. Fractional excretion of uric acid is helpful in determining the underlying etiology of hypouricemia or hyperuricemia in children. Abnormalities in the molecular mechanisms that control renal uric acid tubular transport are implicated in various disorders associated with abnormal uric acid levels. Gout is rare in children; yet its presence necessitates evaluation for enzymatic defects in purine metabolism. Well-known effects of uric acid on the kidney include nephrolithiasis and acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of tumor lysis. However, recent data suggest that uric acid may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of AKI in general, as well as of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Hence, uric acid may not only be a marker but also a potential therapeutic target in kidney disease. Nonetheless, because of confounders, more studies are needed to clarify the association between uric acid and multifactorial disorders of the kidney.
Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).Pediatr Nephrol.2014 Jun;29(6):999-1008. doi: 10.1007/s00467-013-2549-x. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, is excreted predominantly by the proximal tubules. Abnormal serum levels of uric acid are due to alterations in production or excretion. Fractional excretion of uric acid is helpful in determining the underlying etiology of hypouricemia or hyperuricem
PMID 23824181

Acute and long term mineral metabolism adaptation in living kidney donors: a prospective study.

Ponte B1, Trombetti A2, Hadaya K1, Ernandez T1, Fumeaux D1, Iselin C3, Martin PY1, de Seigneux S4.Author information 1Service of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.2Service of Bone Disease, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.3Service of Urology, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.4Service of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: sophie.deseigneux@hcuge.ch.AbstractBACKGROUND: Living kidney donors (LKDs) experience an abrupt decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mineral metabolism adaptations in early CKD are still debated and not well studied in LKDs. We prospectively studied acute and long term mineral metabolism adaptation of LKDs.
Bone.Bone.2014 May;62:36-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.020. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
BACKGROUND: Living kidney donors (LKDs) experience an abrupt decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mineral metabolism adaptations in early CKD are still debated and not well studied in LKDs. We prospectively studied acute and long term mineral metabolism adaptation of LKDs.METHODS: From May 2
PMID 24495507

The impact of frailty on pharmacokinetics in older people: using gentamicin population pharmacokinetic modeling to investigate changes in renal drug clearance by glomerular filtration.

Johnston C1, Hilmer SN, McLachlan AJ, Matthews ST, Carroll PR, Kirkpatrick CM.Author information 1Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.AbstractPURPOSE: Frailty, a multifactorial biological syndrome characterized by a cumulative dysregulation of physiological processes, is associated with changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of frailty on glomerular filtration of drugs, using the probe drug gentamicin.
European journal of clinical pharmacology.Eur J Clin Pharmacol.2014 May;70(5):549-55. doi: 10.1007/s00228-014-1652-7. Epub 2014 Feb 14.
PURPOSE: Frailty, a multifactorial biological syndrome characterized by a cumulative dysregulation of physiological processes, is associated with changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of frailty on glomerular filtration of drugs, using the
PMID 24522409

Japanese Journal

Tolvaptan Reduces the Risk of Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction　― Prospective Randomized Controlled Study ―