WordNet
- eruption on the skin occurring as a symptom of a disease (同)exanthema, skin_eruption
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/06/15 00:20:58」(JST)
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Exanthem |
Classification and external resources |
rubella |
ICD-10 |
A38, B05-B09 |
ICD-9 |
034, 055-057, 782.1 |
DiseasesDB |
25831 |
MeSH |
D005076 |
An exanthem (from Greek "exanthema", a breaking out[1]) is a widespread rash usually occurring in children. Exanthems can be caused by toxins or drugs, microorganisms, or can result from autoimmune disease.
It can be contrasted with an enanthem.
Contents
- 1 Types
- 2 Prevention
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
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Types[edit]
Historically, six "classical" infectious childhood exanthems have been recognized,[2] four of which are viral. Numbers were provided in 1905.[3]
The four viral exanthema have much in common, and are often studied together as a class. They include:
Name |
Number |
Virus |
(rubeola) measles |
"first disease" |
measles virus |
rubella, ("German Measles") identified in 1881.[4] |
"third disease" |
rubella virus |
erythema infectiosum, identified as a distinct condition in 1896.[5] |
"fifth disease" |
parvovirus B19 |
roseola infantum |
"sixth disease" |
HHV-6 and HHV-7 |
Scarlet fever, or "second disease", is associated with the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. (Measles and scarlet fever were distinguished in the 17th century.[4]) Fourth disease, a condition whose existence is not widely accepted today, was described in 1900 and is postulated to be related to Staphylococcus aureus.[4]
Many other common viruses apart from the ones mentioned above can also produce an exanthem as part of their presentation, though they are not considered part of the classic numbered list:
- Varicella zoster virus (chickenpox or shingles)
- Mumps
- rhinovirus (the common cold)
- unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood
- Some types of viral haemorrhagic fever are also known to produce a systemic rash of this kind during the progression of the disease.
- Tick-borne diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever produce a rash that may become extensive enough so as to be classified as exanthemous in as many as 90% of children with the disease.[6]
Prevention[edit]
Vaccinations now exist against measles, mumps, rubella (as a part of the MMR vaccine) and chickenpox.[7]
See also[edit]
- List of cutaneous conditions
References[edit]
- ^ "Roseola Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com".
- ^ Bialecki C, Feder HM, Grant-Kels JM (November 1989). "The six classic childhood exanthems: a review and update". J Am Acad Dermatol. 21 (5 Pt 1): 891–903. PMID 2681288.
- ^ "fifth disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ a b c Weisse ME (January 2001). "The fourth disease, 1900-2000". Lancet 357 (9252): 299–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03623-0. PMID 11214144.
- ^ Altman, Lawrence K (November 30, 1982). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/r/rr5504.pdf
- ^ Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. (2005). Medical Microbiology (Medical Microbiology). Mosby Elsevier. p. 700. ISBN 0-323-03303-2.
External links[edit]
- Overview at About.com
- Definition at MedTerms
- Differential diagnosis
- Dermatology Quiz Includes photo, diagnosis, and treatment of unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (ULE).
Infectious skin disease: Viral cutaneous conditions, including viral exanthema (B00–B09, 050–059)
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DNA virus
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Herpesviridae
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Alpha
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HSV (Herpes simplex, Herpetic whitlow, Herpes gladiatorum, Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, Herpetic sycosis, Neonatal herpes simplex, Herpes genitalis, Herpes labialis, Eczema herpeticum, Herpetiform esophagitis) · Herpes B virus (B virus infection)
VZV (Chickenpox, Herpes zoster, Herpes zoster oticus, Ophthalmic zoster, Disseminated herpes zoster, Zoster-associated pain, Inflammatory skin lesions following zoster infection, Modified varicella-like syndrome)
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Beta
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Human herpesvirus 6/Roseolovirus (Exanthema subitum, Roseola vaccinia)
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
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Gamma
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KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma)
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Poxviridae
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Ortho
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Variola (Smallpox, Alastrim) · MoxV (Monkeypox) · CV (Cowpox) · VV (Vaccinia, Generalized vaccinia, Eczema vaccinatum, Progressive vaccinia)
Buffalopox
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Para
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Farmyard pox: Milker's nodule · Bovine papular stomatitis · Pseudocowpox · Orf
Sealpox
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Other
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Yatapoxvirus: Tanapox · Yaba monkey tumor virus
MCV (Molluscum contagiosum)
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Papillomaviridae
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HPV (Wart/Plantar wart, Heck's disease, Genital wart (giant), Laryngeal papillomatosis, Butcher's wart, Bowenoid papulosis, Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, Verruca plana, Pigmented wart, Verrucae palmares et plantares )
BPV (Equine sarcoid)
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Parvoviridae
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Parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosum, Reticulocytopenia, Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome)
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Polyomaviridae
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (Merkel Cell carcinoma)
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RNA virus
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Paramyxoviridae
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MeV (Measles)
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Togaviridae
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Rubella virus (Rubella, Congenital rubella syndrome) · Alphavirus infection · Chikungunya fever
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Picornaviridae
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CAV (Hand, foot and mouth disease, Herpangina) · FMDV (Foot-and-mouth disease) · Boston exanthem disease
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Ungrouped |
unknown/multiple: Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood · Post-vaccination follicular eruption · Lipschütz ulcer · Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis · Viral-associated trichodysplasia · Gianotti–Crosti syndrome
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cutn/syst (hppv/hiva, infl/zost/zoon)/epon
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drug (dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc)
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noco (i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr (n/e/d), sysi/epon
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proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (Baboon syndrome) induced by omeprazole.
- Kardaun SH, Tupker RA.SourceDepartment of Dermatology Reference center for cutaneous adverse reactions University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands E-mail: s.h.kardaun@derm.umcg.nl Department of Dermatology St Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein The Netherlands.
- International journal of dermatology.Int J Dermatol.2012 Sep;51(9):1134-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04689.x. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
- PMID 21470217
- An unusual presentation of a common infection.
- Richter J, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Bienemann K, Zeus T, Germing U, Sander O, Kandolf R, Häussinger D, Klingel K.SourceTropical Medicine Unit, University Hospital for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany, Joachim.Richter@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
- Infection.Infection.2012 Aug 28. [Epub ahead of print]
- A 40-year-old Ghanaian woman presented with fever and exanthema. She had anemia, leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), creatinin kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and liver enzymes. She was diagnosed with schistosomiasis and was cured with praziquantel. During the following
- PMID 22926562
Japanese Journal
- Pathogenesis of drug-induced exanthems
- 酒井 俊助,説田 修,清水 保夫
- 泌尿器科紀要 25(3), p271-277, 1979-03
- … Her past history included adenoma cebaceum on the face, fits of epilepsy in her infancy, ichthysislike exanthems in lower thighs and kidney tumor on both sides on IVP. …
- NAID 120002243622
Related Links
- exanthem, exanthema (eks-an'them) (ek?san?the'ma) plural.exanthemasplural.-mataplural.exanthems [Gr. exanthema, eruption] Any eruption or rash that appears on the skin, as opposed to one that appears on the mucous ...
- Exanthems' definition, an eruptive disease, especially one attended with fever, as smallpox or measles. See more. Thesaurus Translate Puzzles & Games Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary Log Out ...
Related Pictures
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- 関
- exanthematous, exanthematic, exanthemata