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the univalent hydrocarbon radical C2H5 derived from ethane by the removal of one hydrogen atom (同)ethyl_group, ethyl radical

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/05 21:17:32」(JST)

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Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is a mutagenic, teratogenic, and possibly carcinogenic organic compound with formula C₃H₈SO₃. It produces random mutations in genetic material by nucleotide substitution; particularly by guanine alkylation. This typically produces only point mutations. It can induce mutations at a rate of 5x10⁻⁴ to 5x10⁻² per gene without substantial killing. The ethyl group of EMS reacts with guanine in DNA, forming the abnormal base O⁶-ethylguanine. During DNA replication, DNA polymerases that catalyze the process frequently place thymine, instead of cytosine, opposite O⁶-ethylguanine. Following subsequent rounds of replication, the original G:C base pair can become an A:T pair (a transition mutation). This changes the genetic information, is often harmful to cells, and can result in disease.

EMS is often used in genetics as a mutagen. Mutations induced by EMS can then be studied in genetic screens or other assays.

References

^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 3782.

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English Journal

The Influence of DNA Repair on Non-Linear Dose Responses for Mutation.

Thomas AD, Jenkins GJ, Kaina B, Bodger OG, Karl-Heinz T, Lewis PD, Doak S, Johnson GE.SourceDNA Damage Research Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.Toxicol Sci.2013 Jan 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Recent evidence has challenged the default assumption that all DNA reactive alkylating agents exhibit a linear dose-response. Emerging evidence suggests that the model alkylating agents; methyl- and ethyl-methanesulfonate (MMS and EMS) and methyl- and ethyl-nitrosurea (MNU and ENU) observe a non-lin
PMID 23288051

Quantitative approaches for assessing dose-response relationships in genetic toxicology studies.

Gollapudi BB, Johnson GE, Hernandez LG, Pottenger LH, Dearfield KL, Jeffrey AM, Julien E, Kim JH, Lovell DP, Macgregor JT, Moore MM, van Benthem J, White PA, Zeiger E, Thybaud V.SourceThe Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan.
Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.Environ Mol Mutagen.2013 Jan;54(1):8-18. doi: 10.1002/em.21727. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
Genetic toxicology studies are required for the safety assessment of chemicals. Data from these studies have historically been interpreted in a qualitative, dichotomous "yes" or "no" manner without analysis of dose-response relationships. This article is based upon the work of an international multi
PMID 22987251

Japanese Journal

<i>In Vivo</i> Mutagenicity of Ethyl Methanesulfonate Detected by <i>Pig-a</i> and PIGRET Assays

Genes and Environment 36(4), 174-178, 2014
NAID 130004678641

Investigating the role of vitamin C in tomato through TILLING identification of ascorbate-deficient tomato mutants

Plant biotechnology 30(3), 309-314, 2013-09-25
NAID 10031202050

Micro-Tom mutants for functional analysis of target genes and discovery of new alleles in tomato

Plant biotechnology 30(3), 225-231, 2013-09-25
NAID 10031202040

「methyl methanesulfonate」

Ethyl methanesulfonate^[1]
Names
	IUPAC name 1-Methylsulfonyloxyethane
	Other names Ethyl mesylate; Ethyl methanesulphonate
Identifiers
CAS Number	62-50-0
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Abbreviations	EMS
ChEBI	CHEBI:23994
ChEMBL	ChEMBL338686
ChemSpider	5887
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.488
KEGG	C19239
PubChem	6113
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H8O3S/c1-3-6-7(2,4)5/h3H2,1-2H3 Key: PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C3H8O3S/c1-3-6-7(2,4)5/h3H2,1-2H3 Key: PLUBXMRUUVWRLT-UHFFFAOYAM ;
	SMILES O=S(=O)(OCC)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	CH3SO3C2H5
Molar mass	124.16 g/mol
Appearance	Clear colorless liquid
Density	1.1452 g/cm3 (22 °C)
Melting point	< 25 °C
Boiling point	85–86 °C (185–187 °F; 358–359 K) /10 mmHg(lit)
Hazards
NFPA 704	1 1 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

メチルメタンスルホン酸

関: MMS

「methanesulfonate」

　　[★]

メタンスルホン酸、メシル酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩

関: mesilate、mesylate、methanesulfonic acid

「ethyl」

　　[★]

エチル

関: Et

[1] Merck Index, 11th Edition, 3782.

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ethyl methanesulfonate