関: esculin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/12 20:27:42」(JST)

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Aesculin, also rendered Æsculin or Esculin, is a coumarin glucoside that naturally occurs in the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum),^[1] California Buckeye (Aesculus californica),^[2] Prickly Box (Bursaria spinosa) and in daphnin (the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum). It is also found in dandelion coffee.

Medical uses

As medication, Aesculin is sometimes used as a vasoprotective agent.^[3]

Aesculin is also used in a microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of bacterial species (especially Enterococci and Listeria). In fact, all strains of Group D Streptococci hydrolyze æsculin in 40% bile.

Aesculin hydrolysis test

Aesculin is incorporated into agar with ferric citrate and bile salts (bile aesculin agar).^[4] Hydrolysis of the aesculin forms aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) and glucose. The aesculetin forms dark brown or black complexes with ferric citrate, allowing the test to be read.

The bile aesculin agar is streaked and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The presence of a dark brown or black halo indicates that the test is positive. A positive test can occur with Enterococcus, Aerococcus and Leuconostoc. Aesculin will fluoresce under long wave ultraviolet light (360 nm): hydrolysis of aesculin results in loss of this fluorescence.

Enterococcus will often flag positive within four hours of the agar being inoculated.

UV visible spectrum of esculin with a maximum of absorbance at 346 nm

Warnings

Aesculin ingest can produce stomachache, spasms, diarrhea, disorientation, even death at high doses.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ Plant poisons: Aesculin
^ C. Michael Hogan, 2008
^ Esculin. Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
^ National Standard Methods (UK)

References

Plant poisons: Aesculin
National Standard Methods MSOP 48 (Bile aesculin agar) and BSOPTP 2 (Aesculin hydrolysis test (UK)).
C. Michael Hogan (2008) California Buckeye: Aesculus californica, GlobalTwitcher.com, N. Stromberg ed.

English Journal

Enterococcus in surface waters from the Des Moines River (Iowa) watershed: location, persistence and vancomycin resistance.

Larsen B, Essmann MK, Geletta S, Duff B.Sourcea University Research, Des Moines University , 3200 Grand Avenue , Ryan Hall 209 , Des Moines , 50312 , USA.
International journal of environmental health research.Int J Environ Health Res.2012 Aug;22(4):305-16. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
The object of this study was to quantify vancomycin-resistant enterococci in surface water from Central Iowa obtained from April 2007 to August 2007. Water from established sampling sites in four watersheds was plated on bile-esculin agar. Presumptively identified enterococci were categorized as "ab
PMID 22128914

Identification of amino acids important for substrate specificity in sucrose transporters using gene shuffling.

Reinders A, Sun Y, Karvonen KL, Ward JM.SourceUniversity of Minnesota, United States.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2012 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) are H+-coupled uptake transporters. Type I and II (SUTs) are phylogenetically related but have different substrate specificities. Type I SUTs transport sucrose, maltose and a wide range of natural and synthetic α- and β-glucosides. Type II SUTs are more selective
PMID 22807445

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リンク元	「エスクロシド」「esculin」

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Aesculin
Names
	IUPAC name 7-hydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-tetrahydropyranyl]oxy}-2-chromenone
	Other names Esculetin 6-β-D-glucoside; 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin 6-β-D-glucoside; 6,7-dihydroxychromen-2-one 6-β-D-glucoside
Identifiers
CAS Number	531-75-9
ChEMBL	ChEMBL482581
ChemSpider	4444765
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	5281417
UNII	1Y1L18LQAF
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H16O9/c16-5-10-12(19)13(20)14(21)15(24-10)23-9-3-6-1-2-11(18)22-8(6)4-7(9)17/h1-4,10,12-17,19-21H,5H2/t10-,12-,13+,14-,15-/m1/s1 Key: XHCADAYNFIFUHF-TVKJYDDYSA-N ; InChI=1/C15H16O9/c16-5-10-12(19)13(20)14(21)15(24-10)23-9-3-6-1-2-11(18)22-8(6)4-7(9)17/h1-4,10,12-17,19-21H,5H2/t10-,12-,13+,14-,15-/m1/s1 Key: XHCADAYNFIFUHF-TVKJYDDYBL ;
	SMILES O=C/3Oc2c(cc(O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)CO)c(O)c2)\C=C\3 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C15H16O9
Molar mass	340.282 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

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英: esculoside
関: エスクリン

「esculin」

　　[★]

エスクリン

関: esculoside

[1] Plant poisons: Aesculin

[2] C. Michael Hogan, 2008

[3] Esculin. Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 June 2016.

[4] National Standard Methods (UK)

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esculoside