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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/12 00:52:09」(JST)

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Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, or "Kulchitsky cells", are a type of enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cell^[1] occurring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract that release serotonin.

Distribution

In the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the EC cells are distributed widely in the epithelium of the stomach,^[2] small bowel and colon.

Function

They use the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) to synthesize serotonin and contain about 90% of the body's stores of serotonin (5-HT).^[3]

In the gastrointestinal tract, 5-HT is important in response to chemical, mechanical^[4] or pathological stimuli in the lumen. It activates both secretory and peristaltic reflexes, and activates vagal afferents (via 5-HT₃ receptors) that signal to the brain (important in the generation of nausea). Ondansetron is an antagonist of the 5-HT₃ receptor and is an effective anti-emetic.

Origin

The enterochromaffin cells are derived from the same stem cells as the rest of the epithelium, and are not derived from the migratory neural crest source that provides the enteric nervous system.^[5]

Etymology

They are called "entero"^[6] meaning related to the gut and "chromaffin" because of a chromium salt reaction that they share with chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (adrenal glands).^[7]

"Enterochromaffin-like cells"

Another population of chromaffin cells is found only in the stomach wall, called enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL). They look like EC cells but do not contain 5-HT.

ECL cells respond to gastrin released by G-cells and they release histamine, which will stimulate the parietal cells to produce gastric acid.

Pathophysiology

The neuroendocrine progenitors to enterochromaffin cells in the bronchial epithelium have been implicated in the origin of small cell lung cancer.^[8]

References

^ Enterochromaffin Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Simonsson, M. et al. (1988) Endocrine Cells in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa: A Histochemical Study. Scand J Gastro. 23(9):1089-99.
^ Josef Donnerer; Fred Lembeck (2006). The chemical languages of the nervous system: history of scientists and substances. Karger Publishers. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-3-8055-8004-5. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
^ Bulbring, E., Crema, A., The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in relation to pressure exerted on the intestinal mucosa. J Physiol 1959;146(1):18-28.
^ Thompson M, Fleming KA, Evans DJ, Fundele R, Surani MA, Wright NA (October 1990). "Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages". Development 110 (2): 477–81. PMID 2133551.
^ Entero- definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
^ 1516961798 at GPnotebook
^ eMedicine - Lung Cancer, Small Cell : Article by Abid Irshad

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3. 多発性内分泌腫瘍1型：定義および遺伝学 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 definition and genetics
4. 大型の胃粘膜ひだ：過形成および非過形成性の胃疾患 large gastric folds hyperplastic and nonhyperplastic gastropathies
5. 化学療法誘発性悪心および嘔吐の病態生理および予測 pathophysiology and prediction of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting

English Journal

Neuroendocrine tumors and fibrosis: An unsolved mystery?

Laskaratos FM1, Rombouts K2, Caplin M1, Toumpanakis C1, Thirlwell C1,3, Mandair D1.
Cancer.Cancer.2017 Dec 15;123(24):4770-4790. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31079. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
PMID 29112233

Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma, the active component of the Kampo formula Daikenchuto, induces anti-inflammatory actions through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation.

Endo M1, Hori M2, Mihara T2, Ozaki H2, Oikawa T1, Odaguchi H1, Hanawa T1,3,4.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2017 Dec;29(12). doi: 10.1111/nmo.13139. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
PMID 28656709

Histamine-enhanced contractile responses of gastric smooth muscle via interstitial cells of Cajal in the Syrian hamster.

Naganuma S1, Shiina T1, Yasuda S1, Suzuki Y1, Shimizu Y1,2.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2017 Nov 21. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13255. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29159902

Japanese Journal

Role of Serotonin 5-HT₃ Receptors in Intestinal Inflammation (Recent Advances in 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Receptor Research : How Many Pathophysiological Roles Does 5-HT Play via Its Multiple Receptor Subtypes?)

Kato Shinichi
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36(9), 1406-1409, 2013
… however, approximately 90% of serotonin is synthesized and localized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially in the enterochromaffin (EC) cells. …
NAID 130003361527

Serotonin- and Somatostatin-Positive Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Duodenum

Ohara Ichiyou,Ogata Sho,Okusa Yasushi,Ogawa Tomomichi,Matsuzaki Koji,Kaga Hitoshi,Niihara Naoko,Tominaga Susumu,Hase Kazuo
Acta Medica Okayama 66(4), 351-356, 2012-08
… The tumor was widely distributed within both the first portion of the duodenum and the gastric antrum, although mucosal involvement was observed only in the duodenum.The tumor cells formed solid nests, trabeculae, or tubules, and some displayed a goblet cell appearance. … They were immunoreactive against antibodies for both serotonin and somatostatin, and showed an argentaffin reaction (similar to a "midgut" enterochromaffin cell carcinoid). …
NAID 120004622484

Related Pictures

PPT - Physiology Lecture 50 PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:3292019 Enterochromaffin Cells Are Gut Chemosensors that Couple to Sensory Neural Pathways: Cell Frontiers | Mechanosensory Signaling in Enterochromaffin Cells and 5-HT Release CT induces secretion, in part, Frontiers | In Pursuit of the Parietal Cell – An Evolution of Scientific Methodology A. Photomicrograph of EC (enterochromaffin) cells in the mucosa of the | Download

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クロム親和性細胞」
関連記事	「enterochromaffin」「cell」

「クロム親和性細胞」

Enterochromaffin cell
	Serotonin
Details
Identifiers
Latin	endocrinocytus EC
MeSH	Enterochromaffin+Cells
Code	TH H3.04.02.0.00029
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: chromaffin cell、pheochromocyte
関: クロム親和細胞、クロマフィン細胞、セロトニン、enterochromaffin cells

「enterochromaffin」

　　[★]

腸クロム親和性の、エンテロクロマフィン

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

[1] Enterochromaffin Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[2] Simonsson, M. et al. (1988) Endocrine Cells in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa: A Histochemical Study. Scand J Gastro. 23(9):1089-99.

[DonnererLembeck2006-3] Josef Donnerer; Fred Lembeck (2006). The chemical languages of the nervous system: history of scientists and substances. Karger Publishers. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-3-8055-8004-5. Retrieved 23 May 2011.

[4] Bulbring, E., Crema, A., The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in relation to pressure exerted on the intestinal mucosa. J Physiol 1959;146(1):18-28.

[pmid2133551-5] Thompson M, Fleming KA, Evans DJ, Fundele R, Surani MA, Wright NA (October 1990). "Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages". Development 110 (2): 477–81. PMID 2133551.

[6] Entero- definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms

[7] 1516961798 at GPnotebook

[8] Medicine - Lung Cancer, Small Cell : Article by Abid Irshad

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案内

enterochromaffin cells