electron beam tomography

• 電子線断層撮影

関

electron beam computed tomography、X-ray computed tomography

WordNet

1. to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
2. work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
3. have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
4. be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
5. happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
6. have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
7. occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
8. spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
9. a column of light (as from a beacon) (同)beam of light, light beam, ray, ray of light, shaft, shaft of light, irradiation
10. a group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation (同)ray, electron_beam
11. smile radiantly; express joy through ones facial expression
12. express with a beaming face or smile; "he beamed his approval"
13. (nautical) breadth amidships
14. long thick piece of wood or metal or concrete, etc., used in construction
15. the broad side of a ship; "they sighted land on the port beam"
16. pleased and proud; "beaming parents"
17. radiating or as if radiating light; "the beaming sun"; "the effulgent daffodils"; "a radiant sunrise"; "a refulgent sunset" (同)beamy, effulgent, radiant, refulgent
18. cheerful and bright; "a beaming smile"; "a glad May morning" (同)glad
19. an elementary particle with negative charge (同)negatron
20. X-ray machine in which a computer builds a detailed image of a particular plane through an object from multiple X-ray measurements

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
2. 〈C〉(建設の)『はり』,『けた』,横材 / 〈C〉(船の甲板を支える)横はり / 〈C〉(はかりの)さお;(織機の)糸巻き / 〈C〉『光線』,光束 / 〈C〉(顔などの)『輝き』,晴れやかさ / 〈C〉(船舶・航空機用の)信号電波 / 〈U〉最大船幅 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『輝く』,光を発する / (…に)顔を輝かせる《+『at』(『on, upon』)+『名』》 / 〈光・熱〉'を'出す,発散する / (…に向けて)〈放送・無線信号〉'を'送る《+『名』+『at』(『to』)+『名』》 / …'を'顔を輝かせて言う
3. 輝く,晴れやかな
4. 『電子』,エレクトロン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/13 17:19:29」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Not to be confused with Electron tomography.

Electron beam tomography
Intervention
Patent illustration showing a cutaway view of an electron beam computerized tomography system. Components are 22. electron gun, 23. electron beam, 24. focus coil, 27. beam bending coil, 28-31. target rings, 14. detector array, 11. scan tube. The electron beam creates x-rays at the target rings, which radiates through the patient to the detector on the opposite end of the scan tube.
MeSH	D014057
OPS-301 code	3-26

Electron beam tomography (EBT) is a specific form of computed tomography (CAT or CT) in which the X-ray tube is not mechanically spun in order to rotate the source of X-ray photons. This different design was explicitly developed to better image heart structures which never stop moving, performing a complete cycle of movement with each heart beat.

As in conventional CT technology, the X-ray source-point moves along a circle in space around an object to be imaged. In EBT, however, the X-ray tube itself is large and stationary, and partially surrounds the imaging circle. Rather than moving the tube itself, electron-beam focal point (and hence the X-ray source point) is swept electronically along a tungsten anode in the tube, tracing a large circular arc on its inner surface. This motion can be very fast.

Design advantage

The principal application advantage of EBT tomographic CT machines, and the reason for the invention, is that because the X-ray source-point is swept electronically, not mechanically, it can be swept with far greater speed.

The major medical application for which this design technology was invented in the 1980s was for imaging the human heart, specifically to detect coronary calcium. The heart never stops moving, and some important structures, such as arteries, move several times their diameter during each heartbeat. Rapid imaging is, thus, important to prevent blurring of moving structures during the scan. The advantage is that the detection of calcium deposits is very accurate, fast and the body is exposed to an extremely low radiation only. Electron Beam CT is different from a CT scan in that you are exposed to radiation for a shorter period as it is faster in creating multiple images of the heart. The computer then calculates the density of any calcium deposits in your coronary arteries. The most advanced current commercial designs can perform image sweeps in as little as 0.025 seconds. By comparison, the fastest mechanically swept X-ray tube designs require about 0.275 seconds to perform an image sweep. For reference, current coronary artery angiography imaging is usually performed at 30 frames/second or 0.033 seconds/frame; EBT is far closer to this than mechanically swept CT machines.

Design specifics

As in standard X-ray tubes, part of the electron current energy when hitting the tungsten target is converted into photons. However, instead of spinning a small target anode in order to dissipate waste heat, the electron current focus spot is swept along a large stationary target anode.

The electron current sweep is aimed using wound copper coil magnetic deflection yokes, as in a cathode ray tube (CRT). However, the entire structure of the cathode, deflection yokes, anode and overall vacuum tube size is much larger, therefore made out of steel, not glass, with the main central open midsection of the vacuum tube hollow, leaving room for the scan table and object or person to lie while the scan is performed.

Design disadvantage

Given the larger size and low production volume of the EBT design, only about 120 exist in the world as of 2004, vs. thousands of more conventional design CT machines.

Future

Whether the inherent sweep-speed advantage will maintain commercial viability of the EBT design remains unclear at this time. As of 2002, one major company owns and offers models in both competing designs, with engineering cross-pollination of techniques between the product design teams. As of 2005, it increasingly appears that the spiral CT designs, especially those with (b) 64 detector rows, (b) 3×360°/sec rotation speeds and designed for cardiac imaging, are largely replacing the EBT design from a commercial and medical perspective. However, EBT still offers sweep speeds of effectively 50×360°/sec rotation speeds and lower radiation exposure. The latest version of the EBT eSpeed offers a 33 ms sweep time.

This technology continues to represent the fastest commercial CT temporal resolution.

Since 2008, a single development company has taken the lead on continued development, support and sales of EBT imaging products. The EBT scanner continues to stay in use globally due to the high accuracy, superior repeatability and ultra low dose abilities over high dose mechanical scanners.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. CTで検出された冠動脈石灰化の診断および予後 diagnostic and prognostic implications of coronary artery calcification detected by computed tomography
• 2. 心臓CTおよび心血管MRIによる非侵襲的冠動脈イメージング noninvasive coronary imaging with cardiac computed tomography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance
• 3. 慢性腎臓病における血管石灰化 vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
• 4. 冠動脈疾患のスクリーニング screening for coronary heart disease
• 5. 冠動脈疾患および脳血管疾患における心理社会的因子 psychosocial factors in coronary and cerebral vascular disease

English Journal

• Pulmonary metastasis from urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract 29 years after nephrectomy.

• Kawaguchi K1, Okasaka T2, Fukui T2, Fukumoto K2, Nakamura S2, Hakiri S2, Ozeki N2, Yokoi K2.
• Surgical case reports.Surg Case Rep.2017 Dec;3(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s40792-017-0293-3. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
• BACKGROUND: Late pulmonary metastasis from urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urinary tract is extremely rare.CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. He had a history of left nephrectomy with a diagnosis of UC in the renal pelvi
• PMID 28144859

• Mediastinal seminoma associated with multilocular thymic cyst.

• Inui M1,2, Nitadori JI3, Tajima S4, Yoshioka T3, Hiyama N3, Watadani T5, Shinozaki-Ushiku A4, Nagayama K3, Anraku M3, Sato M3, Fukayama M4, Nakajima J3.
• Surgical case reports.Surg Case Rep.2017 Dec;3(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s40792-016-0278-7. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
• An asymptomatic 26-year-old man received an annual medical check-up, and chest X-ray showed a protrusion of the aortopulmonary window. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an anterior mediastinal tumor and cysts with thin wall and septum enhancement. The preoperative diagnosis was cystic thymoma
• PMID 28054283

• Potential value of FDG PET-CT in diagnosis and follow-up of TAFRO syndrome.

• Behnia F1, Elojeimy S2, Matesan M3, Fajgenbaum DC4.
• Annals of hematology.Ann Hematol.2017 Mar;96(3):497-500. doi: 10.1007/s00277-016-2875-8. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
• PMID 27853835

Japanese Journal

• Interaction between Macrophages and Fibroblasts during Wound Healing of Burn Injuries in Rats

• The Kurume Medical Journal advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005152983

• Electrically Driven Near-Infrared Broadband Light Source with Gaussian-Like Spectral Shape Based on Multiple InAs Quantum Dots

• IEICE Transactions on Electronics E99.C(3), 381-384, 2016
• NAID 130005131802

• Long-term stability of the Hounsfield unit to electron density calibration curve in cone-beam computed tomography images for adaptive radiotherapy treatment planning

• Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 14(4), 410-417, 2015-06-11
• NAID 120005704533

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「X-ray computed tomography」「電子線断層撮影」
関連記事	「beam」「electro」「tomograph」「electron」「be」

「X-ray computed tomography」

　　[★]

• X線コンピュータ断層撮影、X線CT

関

electron beam computed tomography、electron beam tomography、X-ray CT

「電子線断層撮影」

　　[★]

英

electron beam tomography

関

X線コンピュータ断層撮影、電子線コンピュータ断層撮影

「beam」

　　[★]

• n.

• ビーム、放射

• v.

• 放射する

関

emit、radiant、radiate、radiation、radiative

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「electro」

　　[★]

• comb form.

• エレクトロ、電気

関

electric、electricity

「tomograph」

　　[★]

• 断層撮影、断層撮影機

関

tomographic、tomography

　

「electron」

　　[★]

• n.

• 電子

関

electronic、fast electron、positron

　 　

「be」

　　[★]