WordNet

the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle (同)transmission system
the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted (同)transmittal, transmitting
communication by means of transmitted signals
(neuroscience) of or involving synapses

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(また transmittal)〈U〉(…を)伝える(送る)こと,(…が)伝えられる(送られる)こし,(…の)伝達,伝送《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(ラジオ・テレビなどで)送られたもの(画面・番組など) / 〈C〉伝動装置,(車の)変速装置,ギヤ

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1. 資源の限られた状況におけるHIVの母子感染の予防 prevention of mother to child hiv transmission in resource limited settings
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4. 麻疹の疫学および伝染 epidemiology and transmission of measles
5. C型肝炎ウイルス感染の疫学および伝染 epidemiology and transmission of hepatitis c virus infection

English Journal

Dopaminergic enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission in layer II entorhinal neurons is dependent on D1-like receptor-mediated signaling.

Glovaci I1, Caruana DA1, Chapman CA2.Author information 1Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.2Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada. Electronic address: andrew.chapman@concordia.ca.AbstractThe modulatory neurotransmitter dopamine induces concentration-dependent changes in synaptic transmission in the entorhinal cortex, in which high concentrations of dopamine suppress evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and lower concentrations induce an acute synaptic facilitation. Whole-cell current-clamp recordings were used to investigate the dopaminergic facilitation of synaptic responses in layer II neurons of the rat lateral entorhinal cortex. A constant bath application of 1μM dopamine resulted in a consistent facilitation of EPSPs evoked in layer II fan cells by layer I stimulation; the size of the facilitation was more variable in pyramidal neurons, and synaptic responses in a small group of multiform neurons were not modulated by dopamine. Isolated inhibitory synaptic responses were not affected by dopamine, and the facilitation of EPSPs was not associated with a change in paired-pulse facilitation ratio. Voltage-clamp recordings of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were facilitated by dopamine, but N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated currents were not. Bath application of the dopamine D1-like receptor blocker SCH23390 (50μM), but not the D2-like receptor blocker sulpiride (50μM), prevented the facilitation, indicating that it is dependent upon D1-like receptor activation. Dopamine D1 receptors lead to activation of protein kinase A (PKA), and including the PKA inhibitor H-89 or KT 5720 in the recording pipette solution prevented the facilitation of EPSCs. PKA-dependent phosphorylation of inhibitor 1 or the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated protein phosphatase (DARPP-32) can lead to a facilitation of AMPA receptor responses by inhibiting the activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that reduces dephosphorylation of AMPA receptors, and we found here that inhibition of PP1 occluded the facilitatory effect of dopamine. The dopamine-induced facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic responses in layer II neurons of the lateral entorhinal cortex is therefore likely mediated via a D1 receptor-dependent increase in PKA activity and a resulting inhibition in PP1-dependent dephosphorylation of AMPA receptors.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Jan 31;258:74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.076. Epub 2013 Nov 9.
The modulatory neurotransmitter dopamine induces concentration-dependent changes in synaptic transmission in the entorhinal cortex, in which high concentrations of dopamine suppress evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and lower concentrations induce an acute synaptic facilitation. Whol
PMID 24220689

Convergence of dopamine and glutamate signaling onto striatal ERK activation in response to drugs of abuse.

Cahill E, Salery M, Vanhoutte P, Caboche J.Author information UMRS 952, INSERM, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; UMR7224, CNRS, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central Paris, France ; University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6 Paris, France.AbstractDespite their distinct targets, all addictive drugs commonly abused by humans evoke increases in dopamine (DA) concentration within the striatum. The main DA Guanine nucleotide binding protein couple receptors (GPCRs) expressed by medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum are the D1R and D2R, which are positively and negatively coupled to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, respectively. These two DA GPCRs are largely segregated into distinct neuronal populations, where they are co-expressed with glutamate receptors in dendritic spines. Direct and indirect interactions between DA GPCRs and glutamate receptors are the molecular basis by which DA modulates glutamate transmission and controls striatal plasticity and behavior induced by drugs of abuse. A major downstream target of striatal D1R is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase pathway. ERK activation by drugs of abuse behaves as a key integrator of D1R and glutamate NMDAR signaling. Once activated, ERK can trigger chromatin remodeling and induce gene expression that permits long-term cellular alterations and drug-induced morphological and behavioral changes. Besides the classical cAMP/PKA pathway, downstream of D1R, recent evidence implicates a cAMP-independent crosstalk mechanism by which the D1R potentiates NMDAR-mediated calcium influx and ERK activation. The mounting evidence of reciprocal modulation of DA and glutamate receptors adds further intricacy to striatal synaptic signaling and is liable to prove relevant for addictive drug-induced signaling, plasticity, and behavior. Herein, we review the evidence that built our understanding of the consequences of this synergistic signaling for the actions of drugs of abuse.
Frontiers in pharmacology.Front Pharmacol.2014 Jan 8;4:172.
Despite their distinct targets, all addictive drugs commonly abused by humans evoke increases in dopamine (DA) concentration within the striatum. The main DA Guanine nucleotide binding protein couple receptors (GPCRs) expressed by medium-sized spiny neurons of the striatum are the D1R and D2R, which
PMID 24409148

Effect of mazindol on extracellular dopamine concentration in human brain measured by PET.

Sakayori T, Tateno A, Arakawa R, Ikeda Y, Suzuki H, Okubo Y.Author information Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.AbstractRATIONALE: Mazindol, an appetite suppressant, inhibits the reuptake of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. It has been considered that mazindol might enhance dopamine transmission in the human brain. However, there has been no study that investigated the extracellular dopamine concentration in vivo.
Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2014 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print]
RATIONALE: Mazindol, an appetite suppressant, inhibits the reuptake of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. It has been considered that mazindol might enhance dopamine transmission in the human brain. However, there has been no study that investigated the extracellular dopamine concentration in vivo.OBJE
PMID 24398821

Japanese Journal

抗うつ作用と海馬神経可塑性

小林克典
日本医科大学医学会雑誌 10(1), 6-12, 2014
… A higher dose of fluoxetine markedly enhances both serotonergic and dopaminergic modulations at the mossy fiber synapse. …
NAID 130004941829

Inhibitory effects of dopamine on spinal synaptic transmission via dopamine D1-like receptors in neonatal rats

Kawamoto K.,Otsuguro K.,Ishizuka M.,Ito S.
British Journal of Pharmacology 166(2), 788-800, 2012-05
… BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dopamine released from the endings of descending dopaminergic fibre in the spinal cord is suggested to be involved in modulating functions such as locomotion and nociception. … Here, we examined the effects of dopamine on spinal synaptic transmissions in rats. … 1 μM) depressed sVRP, which is C fibre-evoked polysynaptic response and believed to reflect nociceptive transmission. …
NAID 120005228673

in vivo patch–clamp法を用いた脊髄後角におけるドパミン疼痛抑制作用機序の解析

谷口亘,中塚映政,宮崎展行,瀧口登,杉村弥恵,吉田宗人
PAIN RESEARCH 26(3), 137-144, 2011
… To elucidate the mechanisms of antinociception mediated by the dopaminergic descending pathway in the spinal cord, we investigated the actions of DA on substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons by in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp methods. … These results suggest that DA has both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibitory actions on synaptic transmission in SG neurons. …
NAID 130004839633