WordNet

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
a condition marked by uncontrollable tremor
affect with palsy
of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
become friends; act friendly towards (同)pal up, chum up
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
麻痺(まひ),中風 / …‘を'麻痺させる(paralyze)
頭蓋(ずがい)の
《話》『友達』,仲間,親友 / (…と)仲よくなる《[『up』]『with』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/03/04 09:03:06」(JST)

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Cranial nerve disease is an impaired functioning of one of the twelve cranial nerves. Although it could theoretically be considered a mononeuropathy, it is not considered as such under MeSH.

It is possible for a disorder of more than one cranial nerve to occur at the same time, if a trauma occurs at a location where many cranial nerves run together, such as the jugular fossa. A brainstem lesion could also cause impaired functioning of multiple cranial nerves, but this condition would likely also be accompanied by distal motor impairment.

A neurological examination can test the functioning of individual cranial nerves, and detect specific impairments.

Facial nerve palsy

The facial nerve is the seventh of 12 cranial nerves. This cranial nerve controls the muscles in the face. Facial nerve palsy is more abundant in older adults than in children and is said to affect 15-40 out of 100,000 people per year. This disease comes in many forms which include congenital, infectious, traumatic, neoplastic, or idiopathic. The most common cause of this cranial nerve damage is Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial palsy) which is a paralysis of the facial nerve. Although Bell's palsy is more prominent in adults it seems to be found in those younger than 20 or older than 60 years of age. Bell's Palsy is thought to occur by an infection of the herpes virus which may cause demyelination and has been found in patients with facial nerve palsy. Symptoms include flattening of the forehead, sagging of the eyebrow, and difficulty closing the eye and the mouth on the side of the face that is affected. The inability to close the mouth causes problems in feeding and speech. It also causes lack of taste, acrimation, and sialorrhea.^[1]

The use of steroids can help in the treatment of Bell's Palsy. If in the early stages, steroids can increase the likelihood of a full recovery. This treatment is used mainly in adults. The use of steroids in children has not been proven to work because they seem to recover completely with or without them. Children also tend to have better recovery rates than older adults. Recovery rate also depends on the cause of the facial nerve palsy (e.g. infections, perinatal injury, congenital dysplastic). If the palsy is more severe patients should seek steroids or surgical procedures. Facial nerve palsy may be the indication of a severe condition and when diagnosed a full clinical history and examination are recommended.^[1]

Although rare, facial nerve palsy has also been found in patients with HIV seroconversion. Symptoms found include headaches (bitemporal or occipital), the inability to close the eyes or mouth, and may cause the reduction of taste.^[2]^[3] Few cases of bilateral facial nerve palsy have been reported and is said to only effect 1 in every 5 million per year.^[3]

Others

Eyes
- Oculomotor nerve palsy - Oculomotor nerve (III)
- Fourth nerve palsy - Trochlear nerve (IV)
- Sixth nerve palsy - Abducens nerve (VI)
Other
- Trigeminal neuralgia - Trigeminal nerve (V)
- Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven - Facial nerve (VII) (More on facial nerve palsy below)
- Accessory nerve disorder - Accessory nerve (XI)

References

^ ^a ^b Pavlou, E., Gkampeta, A., & Arampatzi, M. (2011). Facial nerve palsy in childhood. Brain and Development, 33(8), 644-650.
^ Dolan, R., Maritz, D., Wallis, L., & Parak, M. (2011). Bilateral lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy due to HIV seroconversion. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 12(1), 39-40.
^ ^a ^b Ruiz, L. M., & Kirmani, B. (2012). Presentation of Bilateral Peripheral Seventh Cranial Nerve Palsy in an HIV Patient.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
2. 小児における第6脳神経（外転神経）麻痺 sixth cranial nerve abducens nerve palsy in children
3. 小児における第4脳神経（滑車神経）麻痺 fourth cranial nerve trochlear nerve palsy in children
4. 複視の概要 overview of diplopia
5. ベル麻痺：成人における病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 bells palsy pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis in adults

English Journal

Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy: a rare manifestation of internal carotid artery dissection.

Santos T1, Morais H1, Oliveira G2, Barros P2.
BMJ case reports.BMJ Case Rep.2014 Oct 16;2014. pii: bcr2014205413. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205413.
A 58-year-old man reported sudden-onset binocular double vision that appeared 3 days earlier. He denied history of headache/cervical pain or trauma. He had a medical history of well-controlled diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Neurological examination revealed a left-sided ptosis and binoc
PMID 25323280

Cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-negative patients with systemic connective tissue diseases.

Gonzalez-Duarte A, Saniger-Alba MD, Higuera-Calleja J.
Neurological research.Neurol Res.2014 Oct 16:1743132814Y0000000452. [Epub ahead of print]
Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a rare condition in non-HIV patients. The clinical manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often confused with immunological activity, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Aims: We describe the natural history and outcome of eight
PMID 25323527

Five-year follow-up of a patient with bilateral carotid body tumors after unilateral surgical resection.

Demir T1, Uyar I2, Bolgi Demir H3, Sahin M1, Gundogdu G4.
The American journal of case reports.Am J Case Rep.2014 Oct 3;15:426-30. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.891150.
Background Carotid body tumors are rare, highly vascularized neoplasms that arise from the paraganglia located at the carotid bifurcation. Surgery is the only curative treatment. However, treatment of bilateral carotid body tumors represents a special challenge due to potential neurovascular complic
PMID 25278171

Japanese Journal

臨床水痘帯状疱疹ウイルスによる喉頭麻痺例

坂根さやか,榎本浩幸,玉木望 [他]
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(5), 399-404, 2014-05
NAID 40020083288

ぶどう膜炎に多発性脳神経麻痺を合併したサルコイドーシスの1例 (特集第67回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(2))

三上裕子,石原麻美,澁谷悦子 [他]
臨床眼科 68(4), 457-462, 2014-04
NAID 40020044680

外科的治療により摂食可能となった頭部外傷後の両側混合性喉頭麻痺症例

赤澤仁司,小川真,曺弘規 [他]
日本気管食道科学会会報 = The journal of the Japan Broncho-Esophagological Society 65(4), 322-329, 2014
NAID 40020186686

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「cranial neuropathy」「cranial nerve disease」「multiple cranial neuropathy」「cranial nerve disorder」「脳神経麻痺」
拡張検索	「sixth cranial nerve palsy」
関連記事	「palsy」「cranial」「nerve」

「cranial neuropathy」

Cranial nerve disease
	Cranial nerves
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G50-G53
ICD-9-CM	350-352
DiseasesDB	17207
MeSH	D003389
	[edit on Wikidata]