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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/20 04:17:23」(JST)

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The popliteal artery is a deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus, or opening in the distal portion of the adductor magnus muscle. It courses through the popliteal fossa and ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, where it branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

The deepest (most anterior) structure in the fossa, the popliteal artery runs in close proximity to the joint capsule of the knee as it spans the intercondylar fossa. Five genicular branches of the popliteal artery supply the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint. The genicular arteries are the superior lateral, superior medial, middle, inferior lateral, and inferior medial genicular arteries. They participate in the formation of the periarticular genicular anastomosis, a network of vessels surrounding the knee that provides collateral circulation capable of maintaining blood supply to the leg during full knee flexion, which may kink the popliteal artery.^[1]

Structure

Relations

Anteriorly: The popliteal surface of the femur, the knee joint, and the popliteus muscle.
Posteriorly: The popliteal vein and the tibial nerve, fascia, and skin.
Laterally: The biceps femoris and the lateral condyle of femur in upper part, and plantaris, lateral gastrocnemius in lower part.
Medially: The semimembranosus and the medial condyle of femur in upper part, and tibial nerve, popliteal vein, medial head of gastrocnemius in lower part.

Branches

The branches of the popliteal artery are:

anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery
sural artery
medial superior genicular artery
lateral superior genicular artery
middle genicular artery
lateral inferior genicular artery
medial inferior genicular artery

Muscular branches of the popliteal artery supply the hamstring, gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles. The superior muscular branches of the popliteal artery have clinically important anastomoses with the terminal part of the deep femoral and gluteal arteries.

Tibial-fibular trunk

The fibular artery typically arises from the posterior tibial artery.^[2] Therefore, the posterior tibial artery proximal to the fibular artery origin is sometimes called the tibial-peroneal trunk or tibial-fibular trunk and it could be said that the popliteal artery bifurcates into the tibial-fibular trunk and anterior tibial artery.

Clinical significance

Popliteal pulse: Because the popliteal artery is deep, it may be difficult to feel the popliteal pulse. Palpation of this pulse is commonly performed with the person in the prone position with the knee flexed to relax the popliteal fascia and hamstrings. The pulsations are best felt in the inferior part of the fossa where the popliteal artery is related to the tibia. Weakening or loss of the popliteal pulse is a sign of a femoral artery obstruction.
Popliteal aneurysm and hemorrhage: A popliteal aneurysm (abnormal dilation of all or part of the popliteal artery) usually causes edema and pain in the popliteal fossa. A popliteal aneurysm may be distinguished from other masses by palpable pulsations (thrills) and abnormal arterial sounds (bruits) detectable with a stethoscope. Because the artery lies deep to the tibial nerve, an aneurysm may stretch the nerve or compress its blood supply (see vasa vasorum). Pain from such nerve compression is usually referred, in this case to the skin overlying the medial aspect of the calf, ankle or foot. Because the artery is closely applied to the popliteal surface of the femur and the joint capsule, fractures of the distal femur or dislocations of the knee may rupture the artery, resulting in hemorrhage. Furthermore, because of their proximity and confinement within the fossa, an injury of the artery and vein may result in an arteriovenous fistula (communication between an artery and a vein). Failure to recognize these occurrences and to act promptly may result in the loss of the leg and foot. If the femoral artery must be ligated, blood can bypass the occlusion through the genicular anastomosis and reach the popliteal artery distal to the ligation.^[3]
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

Additional images

Popliteal artery
The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries.
Muscles of thigh. Lateral view.

References

^ Moore K.L. and Dalley A.F. (2006), Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Toronto, page 636
^ Day C, Orme R (2006). "Popliteal artery branching patterns -- an angiographic study". Clin Radiol. 61 (8): 696–9. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2006.03.014. PMID 16843754.
^ Moore K.L. and Dalley A.F. (2006), Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Toronto, page 637

External links

Anatomy figure: 12:04-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Arteries of the lower extremity shown in association with major landmarks."
Image at umich.edu - pulse

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[Dissection of arteria poplitea, managed with endovascular procedure].

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Arterial dissection of a peripheral artery involving an extremity is a rare event. We report a case of nonaneurysmal dissection of the popliteal artery that occurred in a 61-year-old man who was admitted with acute limb ischemia. Ultrasound examination was suggestive of arterial dissection and endov
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Enhanced arteriogenesis in mice overexpressing erythropoietin.

Scholz D, Schaper W.SourceDepartment of Exp. Cardiology, Max Planck Institute, Benekestrasse 2, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany. w.schaper@kerckhoff.mpg.de
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After permanent occlusion of the femoral artery, the survival of ischemic limb tissue depends on collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis). In previous work, we have shown that shear stress triggers arteriogenesis. To test whether increased shear stress results in enhanced arteriogenesis, we compare
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Japanese Journal

心筋梗塞に合併した左膝窩動脈閉塞症の1例 : 第36回日本循環器学会東北地方会

Japanese circulation journal 34(1), 56, 1970-03-20
NAID 110002600515

「膝窩動脈」

Popliteal artery
	The arteries of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions. (Popliteal labeled at bottom center.)
	Lymph glands of popliteal fossa.
Details
Source	femoral artery
Branches	anterior tibial, posterior tibial artery, sural, superior genicular (medial, lateral), middle genicular, inferior genicular (medial, lateral)
Vein	popliteal vein
Identifiers
Latin	arteria poplitea
MeSH	A07.231.114.681
TA	A12.2.16.033
FMA	77155
	Anatomical terminology; [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: popliteal artery (M,Z)
ラ: arteria poplitea

図：M.341 N.500

起始

大腿動脈→膝窩動脈→前脛骨動脈+後脛骨動脈

走行

大腿動脈が内転筋腱裂孔を抜けたところから膝窩動脈となり、外側に膝窩静脈、さらに外側に脛骨神経を配して下行する。膝窩筋の上縁で脛骨神経と交叉して外側に寄り、ヒラメ筋の下層で前脛骨動脈と後脛骨動脈に分岐する (M.330,341 N.500)
膝窩の正中をとおり、膝窩筋の下縁で前脛骨動脈と後脛骨動脈に分岐(Z.32)

分布

枝が膝の外側面と内側面に分布する (M.331)

枝

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

[1] Moore K.L. and Dalley A.F. (2006), Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Toronto, page 636

[day-2] Day C, Orme R (2006). "Popliteal artery branching patterns -- an angiographic study". Clin Radiol. 61 (8): 696–9. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2006.03.014. PMID 16843754.

[3] Moore K.L. and Dalley A.F. (2006), Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Toronto, page 637

匿名

検索

案内

案内

arteria poplitea