- 同
- AADC
WordNet
- street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
- any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
- having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
- (chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings; "an aromatic organic compound"
- having a strong pleasant odor; "the pine woods were more redolent"- Jean Stafford (同)redolent
- pertaining to or containing any of a group of organic compounds of nitrogen derived from ammonia (同)aminic
- the radical -NH2 (同)amino_group
- any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
- かおりの高い,かんばしい
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/01 01:21:22」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase |
|
Ribbon diagram of a DOPA decarboxylase dimer.[1]
|
| Identifiers |
| EC number |
4.1.1.28 |
| CAS number |
9042-64-2 |
| Databases |
| IntEnz |
IntEnz view |
| BRENDA |
BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy |
NiceZyme view |
| KEGG |
KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc |
metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM |
profile |
| PDB structures |
RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology |
AmiGO / EGO |
| Search |
| PMC |
articles |
| PubMed |
articles |
| NCBI |
proteins |
|
| DOPA decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) |
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
DDC |
| Entrez |
1644 |
| HUGO |
2719 |
| OMIM |
107930 |
| RefSeq |
NM_000790 |
| UniProt |
P20711 |
| Other data |
| EC number |
4.1.1.28 |
| Locus |
Chr. 7 p11 |
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28, synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, AAAD,[2] AADC) is a lyase enzyme.
Contents
- 1 Reactions
- 2 As a rate-limiting step
- 3 Genetics
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Reactions
It catalyzes several different decarboxylation reactions:[3]
- L-DOPA to dopamine - a neurotransmitter
- 5-HTP to serotonin (5-HT) - a neurotransmitter
- L-histidine to histamine - a neurotransmitter
- phenylalanine to phenethylamine - trace amine neurotransmitter
- L-tyrosine to tyramine - trace amine neurotransmitter
- tryptophan to tryptamine - trace amine neurotransmitter
The enzyme uses pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, as a cofactor.
Human biosynthesis pathway for trace amines and catecholamines[4][5]
L-Phenylalanine
L-Tyrosine
L-Dopa
Epinephrine
Phenethylamine
p-Tyramine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
N-Methylphenethylamine
N-Methyltyramine
p-Octopamine
Synephrine
3-Methoxytyramine
AADC
AADC
AADC
PNMT
PNMT
PNMT
PNMT
AAAH
AAAH
COMT
DBH
DBH
In humans, catecholamines and phenethylaminergic trace amines are derived from the amino acid phenylalanine.
Human serotonin biosynthesis pathway
As a rate-limiting step
In normal dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter synthesis, AAAD is not the rate-limiting step in either reaction. However, AAAD becomes the rate-limiting step of dopamine synthesis in patients treated with L-DOPA (such as in Parkinson's Disease), and the rate-limiting step of serotonin synthesis in people treated with 5-HTP (such as in mild depression or dysthymia). AAAD is inhibited by Carbidopa outside of the blood brain barrier to inhibit the premature conversion of L-DOPA to Dopamine in the treatment of Parkinson's.
In humans, AAAD is also the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of trace amine neurotransmitters.
Genetics
The gene encoding the enzyme is referred to as DDC and located on chromosome 7 in humans.[6] Single nucleotide polymorphisms and other gene variations have been investigated in relation to neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., a one-base pair deletion at –601 and a four-base pair deletion at 722–725 in exon 1 in relation to bipolar disorder[7] and autism. No direct correlation between gene variation and autism was found.[8]
See also
- Aromatic amino acids
- Histidine decarboxylase
References
- ^ PDB: 1JS3 ; Burkhard P, Dominici P, Borri-Voltattorni C, Jansonius JN, Malashkevich VN (November 2001). "Structural insight into Parkinson's disease treatment from drug-inhibited DOPA decarboxylase". Nat. Struct. Biol. 8 (11): 963–7. doi:10.1038/nsb1101-963. PMID 11685243.
- ^ Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
- ^ "AADC". Human Metabolome database. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
- ^ Broadley KJ (March 2010). "The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines". Pharmacol. Ther. 125 (3): 363–375. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005. PMID 19948186.
- ^ Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 (5): 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007. PMID 15860375.
- ^ Lisa J. Scherer, John D. McPherson, John J. Wasmuth and J. Lawrence Marsh (June 1992). "Human dopa decarboxylase: Localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs". Genomics 13 (2): 469–471. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90275-W. PMID 1612608.
- ^ A. D. Borglum, T. G. Bruun, T. E. Kjeldsen, H. Ewald, O. Mors, G. Kirov, C. Russ, B. Freeman, D. A. Collier & T. A. Kruse (November 1999). "Two novel variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene: association with bipolar affective disorder". Molecular Psychiatry 4 (6): 545–541. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000559. PMID 10578236.
- ^ Marlene B. Lauritsen, Anders D. Borglum, Catalina Betancur, Anne Philippe, Torben A. Kruse, Marion Leboyer & Henrik Ewald (May 2002). "Investigation of two variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene in patients with autism". American Journal of Medical Genetics 114 (4): 466–460. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10379. PMID 11992572.
External links
- Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
|
Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)
|
|
| 4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases |
- Acetoacetate decarboxylase
- Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
- Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
- Glutamate decarboxylase
- Histidine decarboxylase
- Lysine decarboxylase
- Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
- Ornithine decarboxylase
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
- Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase
- Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase
- Pyruvate decarboxylase
- RuBisCO
- Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase
- Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
|
|
| 4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases |
- Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
- Aldolase A
- Aldolase B
- Aldolase C
- 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
- Threonine aldolase
|
|
| 4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases |
- Isocitrate lyase
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
|
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| 4.1.99: Other |
|
|
- Biochemistry overview
- Enzymes overview
- By EC number: 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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|
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Enzymes involved in neutrotransmission
|
|
| monoamine |
| histidine → histamine |
| anabolism: |
|
|
| catabolism: |
- Histamine N-methyltransferase
- Amine oxidase
|
|
|
| tyrosine→dopamine→epinephrine |
| anabolism: |
- Tyrosine hydroxylase
- Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
- Dopamine beta hydroxylase
- Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
|
|
| catabolism: |
- Catechol-O-methyl transferase
- Monoamine oxidase
|
|
|
| glutamate→GABA |
| anabolism: |
|
|
| catabolism: |
- 4-aminobutyrate transaminase
|
|
|
| tryptophan→serotonin→melatonin |
- Tryptophan hydroxylase
- Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
- Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase
|
|
|
| arginine→NO |
- Nitric oxide synthase (NOS1, NOS2, NOS3)
|
|
| choline→Acetylcholine |
| anabolism: |
- Choline acetyltransferase
|
|
| catabolism: |
- Cholinesterase (Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase)
|
|
|
|
Index of the central nervous system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Renalase regulates peripheral and central dopaminergic activities.
- Quelhas-Santos J1, Serrão MP2, Soares-Silva I3, Fernandes-Cerqueira C4, Simões-Silva L4, Pinho MJ2, Remião F5, Sampaio-Maia B6, Desir GV7, Pestana M8.
- American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2015 Jan 15;308(2):F84-91. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00274.2014. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
- Renalase is a recently identified FAD/NADH-dependent amine oxidase mainly expressed in kidney that is secreted into blood and urine where it was suggested to metabolize catecholamines. The present study evaluated central and peripheral dopaminergic activities in the renalase knockout (KO) mouse mode
- PMID 25411385
- Report of two never treated adult sisters with aromatic L-amino Acid decarboxylase deficiency: a portrait of the natural history of the disease or an expanding phenotype?
- Leuzzi V1, Mastrangelo M, Polizzi A, Artiola C, van Kuilenburg AB, Carducci C, Ruggieri M, Barone R, Tavazzi B, Abeling NG, Zoetekouw L, Sofia V, Zappia M, Carducci C.
- JIMD reports.JIMD Rep.2015;15:39-45. doi: 10.1007/8904_2014_295. Epub 2014 May 1.
- Two sisters were diagnosed in their adulthood with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency (OMIM#608643). They experienced early myasthenia-like manifestations, myoclonic jerks, oculogyric crises, tremors, and developmental delay during childhood; clinical stabilization afterwards; and
- PMID 24788355
- Dynamic 18F-FDOPA PET Findings After Carbidopa Premedication in 2 Adult Patients With Insulinoma-Related Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia.
- Imperiale A1, Bahougne T, Goichot B, Bachellier P, Taïeb D, Namer IJ.
- Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2014 Dec 29. [Epub ahead of print]
- F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) PET seems to be of limited value to localize pancreatic insulin-secreting tumors in adult with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Carbidopa is an efficient inhibitor of the peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, significantly reducing the physiological pancr
- PMID 25549347
Japanese Journal
- Dopamine release via the vacuolar ATPase V0 sector c-subunit, confirmed in N18 neuroblastoma cells, results in behavioral recovery in hemiparkinsonian mice
- Duo Jin,Muramatsu Shin-ichi,Shimizu Nobuaki,Yokoyama Shigeru,Hirai Hirokazu,Yamada Kiyofumi,Liu Hong-Xiang,Higashida Chiharu,Hashii Minako,Higashida Akihiko,Asano Masahide,Ohkuma Shoji,Higashida Haruhiro
- Neurochemistry International 61(6), 907-912, 2012-11
- … Next, in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine- lesioned mice, a model of Parkinson's disease (PD), human tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1, together with or without ATP6V0C, were expressed in the caudoputamen for rescue. …
- NAID 120004966609
- 2Gp11 分子シャペロンPPIaseとの融合化による芳香族アミノ酸デカルボキシラーゼの可溶性向上(代謝工学/脂質工学,一般講演)
- 小柳 喬,原 彩由美,南 博道,片山 高嶺,熊谷 英彦,三沢 典彦
- 日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 64, 64, 2012-09-25
- NAID 110009609484
- Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease
- 村松 慎一
- 臨床神経学 52(11), 896-898, 2012
- … To modulate the neural activity by transducing the subthalamic nucleus with vectors expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase. … A phase I clinical study was initiated in 2007 to determine the safety of intra-putaminal infusion of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). …
- NAID 130004505198
Related Links
- E., Hori, T., Nagatsu, T.Molecular cloning of genomic DNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme for catecholamine and serotonin biosynthesis) ) ...
- Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects the way signals are passed between certain cells in the nervous system. Signs and symptoms of AADC deficiency generally ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
- 関
- 芳香族アミノ酸デカルボキシラーゼ、芳香族L-アミノ酸脱炭酸酵素
[★]
- 英
- aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
- 関
- 芳香族アミノ酸脱炭酸酵素
[★]
- 関
- aromatic compound、aromatic hydrocarbon、aromatics
[★]
芳香族化合物
- 関
- aromatic、aromatic compound、aromatic hydrocarbon
[★]
デカルボキシラーゼ、脱炭酸酵素
- 関
- carboxy-lyase