WordNet

a bacterial toxin that has been weakened until it is no longer toxic but is strong enough to induce the formation of antibodies and immunity to the specific disease caused by the toxin; "diphtheria toxoid" (同)toxoid

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/16 21:49:50」(JST)

Acute Dermal Irritation, Sensitization, and Acute Toxicity Studies of a Transdermal Patch for Prophylaxis Against ({+/-}) Anatoxin-A Poisoning.

Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay P, Ghosh A, Pathak MP, Singh S, Veer V.SourceDefence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India.
International journal of toxicology.Int J Toxicol.2013 May 21. [Epub ahead of print]
The skin irritating, sensitizing, and acute dermal toxicity potential of a novel combinational prophylactic transdermal patch, mainly composed of eserine and pralidoxime chloride as active pharmaceutical ingredients, against (±) anatoxin-a poisoning were investigated in rabbits, guinea pigs, and ra
PMID 23696561

Toxic effects of pure anatoxin-a on biomarkers of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Osswald J, Carvalho AP, Guimarães L, Guilhermino L.SourceInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: joanaosswald@ciimar.up.pt.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.Toxicon.2013 May 3;70C:162-169. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.014. [Epub ahead of print]
Anatoxin-a is a neurotoxin produced by various bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Although it shows widespread occurrence and is highly toxic to rodents, its mechanisms of action and biotransformation, and effects in fish species are still poorly understood. The main aim of this study was, thus, to invest
PMID 23648421

Time-dependent alterations in growth, photosynthetic pigments and enzymatic defense systems of submerged Ceratophyllum demersum during exposure to the cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxin-a.

Ha MH, Pflugmacher S.SourceBerlin Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Aquat Toxicol.2013 Apr 26;138-139C:26-34. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.007. [Epub ahead of print]
Recently, aquatic macrophytes have been considered as promising tools for eco-friendly water management with a low running cost. However, only little information is available thus far regarding the metabolic capacity of macrophytes for coping with cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) in the aquatic e
PMID 23685387

Phytotoxic effects of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxin-a: Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses in aquatic macrophyte, Ceratophyllum demersum.

Ha MH, Pflugmacher S.SourceBerlin Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.Toxicon.2013 Apr 8;70C:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.021. [Epub ahead of print]
Anatoxin-a is one of the common and major cyanobacterial neurotoxins acting as a powerful agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In recent years, the toxin has become the focus of public attention, due to the mass development of cyanobacteria (cyanobacterial blooms) in freshwater bodi
PMID 23578514

Detection and identification of potentially toxic cyanobacteria: Ubiquitous distribution of Microcystis aeruginosa and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi in Japanese lakes

Hodoki Yoshikuni,Ohbayashi Kako,Kobayashi Yuki,Okuda Noboru,Nakano Shin-ichi
Harmful Algae 16, 49-57, 2012-04
… We studied the frequency and composition of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in 30 samples from 25 Japanese lakes using automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and eight primer sets for nodularin, microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, and saxitoxin synthetase genes. … Potential microcystin- and anatoxin-a-producers were detected in 25 and 7 samples, respectively. …
NAID 120004007579

原田健一
Journal of health science 45(3), 150-165, 1999-06-30
… Cyanobacteria have produced acute toxins such as hepatotoxic peptides, microcystins and nodularins, and neurotoxic alkaloids, anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s) and saxitoxins. …
NAID 110003641552

原田健一
Journal of Health Science 45(3), 150-165, 1999
… Cyanobacteria have produced acute toxins such as hepatotoxic peptides, microcystins and nodularins, and neurotoxic alkaloids, anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s) and saxitoxins. …
NAID 130003730949

,
質量分析 = Mass spectroscopy 44(3), 355-376, 1996-06-01
… The hepatotoxins include the heptapeptide microcystins, pentapeptide nodularin, and alkaloid cylindrospermopsin, and the neurotoxins include alkaloids anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), and aphantoxins. … We have recently reported new analytical methods for microcystins and anatoxin-a using Frit-FAB liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), thermospray (TSP)-LC/MS, and electron ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (EI-GC/MS). …
NAID 10016280038