WordNet

street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

PrepTutorEJDIC

酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/24 19:05:45」(JST)

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An acid hydrolase (lysosomal acid lipase) is an enzyme that works best at acidic pHs. It is commonly located in lysosomes, which are acidic on the inside. Acid hydrolases may be nucleases, proteases, glycosidases, lipases, phosphatases, sulfatases and phospholipases and make up the approximately 50 degradative enzymes of the lysosome that break apart biological matter.^[1]

References

^ Molecular Cell Biology 6ed, Lodish et al.

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1. 先天性代謝異常：疫学、病因、および臨床的特徴 inborn errors of metabolism epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical features
2. 小児における原発性副腎不全の原因および臨床症状 causes and clinical manifestations of primary adrenal insufficiency in children
3. 成人における非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患（NAFLD）の疫学、臨床的特徴、および
診断 epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults
4. 先天性代謝異常：分類 inborn errors of metabolism classification
5. 新生児胆汁うっ滞の原因 causes of neonatal cholestasis

English Journal

Amsacrine suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)/MMP-9 expression in human leukemia cells.

Liu WH1, Chen YJ, Chien JH, Chang LS.Author information 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.AbstractThis study explores the suppression mechanism of amsacrine (4-(9-Acridinylamino)-N-(methanesulfonyl)-m-anisidine hydrochloride) on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression in human leukemia cells. Amsacrine attenuated cell invasion with decreased MMP-2/MMP-9 protein expression and mRNA levels in U937, Jurkat, HL-60, K562, KU812, and MEG-01 cells. Moreover, amsacrine reduced both MMP-2/MMP-9 promoter luciferase activity and MMP-2/MMP-9 mRNA stability in leukemia cells. Studies on amsacrine-treated U937 cells revealed that amsacrine-elicited ROS generation induced JNK and p38 MAPK activation but reduced the phospho-ERK level. Amsacrine-induced ERK inactivation and p38 MAPK/JNK activation were demonstrated to suppress MMP-2/MMP-9 promoter luciferase activity and promote MMP-2/MMP-9 mRNA decay, respectively. p38 MAPK/JNK activation led to up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit α (PP2Acα) in amsacrine-treated U937 cells. Okadaic acid (PP2A inhibitor) treatment increased MMP-2/MMP-9 mRNA stability in amsacrine-treated cells, whereas PP2Acα over-expression increased MMP-2/MMP-9 mRNA decay. Amsacrine-induced MMP-2/MMP-9 down-regulation was also related to PP2Acα up-regulation on Jurkat, HL-60, K562, KU812, and MEG-01 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that amsacrine induces MMP-2/MMP-9 down-regulation via simultaneous suppression of genetic transcription and mRNA stability in human leukemia cells.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 May;229(5):588-98. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24481.
This study explores the suppression mechanism of amsacrine (4-(9-Acridinylamino)-N-(methanesulfonyl)-m-anisidine hydrochloride) on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression in human leukemia cells. Amsacrine attenuated cell invasion with decreased MMP-2/MMP-9 protein expression and mRN
PMID 24122234

In vivo deletion of CAR resulted in high bone mass phenotypes in male mice.

Cho HY1, Jung JY, Park H, Yang JY, Jung S, An JH, Cho SW, Kim SW, Kim SY, Kim JE, Park YJ, Shin CS.Author information 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.AbstractConstitutive androstane receptor (CAR) was originally identified as xenobiotic sensor that regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 genes. However, recent studies suggest that this nuclear receptor is also involved in the regulation of energy metabolism including glucose and lipid homeostasis. This study investigated the role of CAR in the regulation of bone mass in vivo using CAR(-/-) mice. Endogenous mRNA expression of CAR was observed in both primary osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. CAR(-/-) mice have exhibited significant increase in whole body bone mineral density (BMD) by 9.5% (P < 0.01) and 5.5% (P < 0.05) at 10 and 15 weeks of age, respectively, compared with WT mice in males. Microcomputed tomography analysis of proximal tibia demonstrated a significant increase in trabecular bone volume (62.7%), trabecular number (54.1%) in male CAR(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. However, primary culture of calvarial cells exhibited no significant changes in osteogenic differentiation potential between CAR(-/-) and WT. In addition, the number of tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase positive osteoclasts in the femur and serum level of CTx was not different between CAR(-/-) and WT mice. The higher BMD and microstructural parameters were not observed in female mice. Interestingly, serum level of testosterone in male CAR(-/-) mice was 2.5-fold higher compared with WT mice and the mRNA expressions of Cyp2b9 and 2b10 in the liver, which regulate testosterone metabolism, were significantly down-regulated in male CAR(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the difference in BMD between CAR(-/-) and WT mice disappeared at 8 weeks after performing orchiectomy. CAR(-/-) mice also exhibited significant increase in serum 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels but Cyp 27B1 which converts 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2 D3 was significantly down-regulated compared to WT mice. These results suggest that in vivo deletion of CAR resulted in higher bone mass, which appears to be a result from reduced metabolism of testosterone due to down-regulation of Cyp2b.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 May;229(5):561-71. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24478.
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) was originally identified as xenobiotic sensor that regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 genes. However, recent studies suggest that this nuclear receptor is also involved in the regulation of energy metabolism including glucose and lipid homeostasis. Th
PMID 24114688

Identification and characterization of an unusual glycosyltransferase-like enzyme with β-galactosidase activity from a soil metagenomic library.

Wang SD1, Guo GS1, Li L1, Cao LC1, Tong L1, Ren GH1, Liu YH2.Author information 1School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.2School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lsslyh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.AbstractGlycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases are two diversified groups of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in existence, they serve to build and break down the glycosidic bonds, respectively, and both categories have formed many sequence-based families. In this study, a novel gene (glyt110) conferring β-galactosidase activity was obtained from a metagenomic library of Turpan Basin soil. Sequence analysis revealed that glyt110 encoded a protein of 369 amino acids that, rather than belonging to a family typically known for β-galactosidase activity, belonged to glycosyltransferase family 4. Because of this unusual sequence information, the novel gene glyt110 was subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant enzyme (Glyt110) was purified and characterized. Biochemical characterization revealed that the β-galactosidase activity of Glyt110 toward o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose were identified to be 314±18.3 and 32±2.7U/mg, correspondingly. In addition, Glyt110 can synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) using lactose as substrate. A GOS yield of 47.2% (w/w) was achieved from 30% lactose solution at 50°С, pH 8.0 after 10h reaction. However, Glyt110 was unable to glycosylate either N-acetylated saccharides or lactose and galactose using UDP-gal as sugar donor, and its glycosyltransferase activity needs further investigation. These results indicated that Glyt110 is an unusual enzyme with β-galactosidase activity but phylogenetically related to glycosyltransferase. Our findings may provide opportunities to improve the insight into the relationship between glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases and the sequence-based classification.
Enzyme and microbial technology.Enzyme Microb Technol.2014 Apr 10;57:26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
Glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases are two diversified groups of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in existence, they serve to build and break down the glycosidic bonds, respectively, and both categories have formed many sequence-based families. In this study, a novel gene (glyt110) c
PMID 24629264

Japanese Journal

Characterization of an α-glucosidase, HdAgl, from the digestive fluid of Haliotis discus hannai

Satoh Takuya,Inoue Akira,Ojima Takao
Comparative biochemistry and physiology b : biochemistry & molecular biology 166(1), 15-22, 2013-09
… The amino-acid sequence of 887 residues for HdAgl was deduced by the cDNA method. … This sequence showed 41-46% amino-acid identities to those of mammalian and avian alpha-glucosidases belonging to glycoside-hydrolase-family31. …
NAID 120005342539

Characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family-51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase gene from Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 20524 and its encoded product(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)

Ohta Kazuyoshi,Fujii Shinya,Higashida Chihiro
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 116(3), 287-292, 2013-09
… Glu-362 and Glu-440 residues are likely involved in catalytic reactions as an acid/base and a nucleophile, respectively. … The deduced amino acid sequence of the abfB gene product was 58% identical to the Penicillium purpurogenum ABF 2, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family-51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase. …
NAID 110009657221

Enzymatic properties and primary structures of two α-amylase isozymes from the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai

Kumagai Yuya,Satoh Takuya,Inoue Akira,Ojima Takao
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 164(2), 80-88, 2013-02
… cDNAs encoding HdAmy58 and HdAmy82 were cloned and the amino-acid sequences of 511 and 694 residues for HdAmy58 and HdAmy82, respectively, were deduced. … The putative catalytic domains of HdAmy58 and HdAmy82 were located in the 17-511th and 19-500th amino-acid regions, respectively, and they showed approximately 50% amino-acid identity to each other. …
NAID 120005228259