関: muramyl dipeptide

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/11 15:36:05」(JST)

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Muramyl dipeptide is a peptidoglycan constituent of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria composed of N-acetylmuramic acid linked by its lactic acid moiety to the N-terminus of an L-alanine D-isoglutamine dipeptide.^[1]

It can be recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and activate the NALP3 inflammasome which in turn leads to cytokine activation, especially IL-1α and IL-1β. ^[2]

References

^ Inohara, N.; Ogura, Y.; Fontalba, A.; Gutierrez, O.; Pons, F.; Crespo, J.; Fukase, K.; Inamura, S.; Kusumoto, S.; Hashimoto, M.; Foster, S. J.; Moran, A. P.; Fernandez-Luna, J. L.; Nuñez, G. (2003). "Host Recognition of Bacterial Muramyl Dipeptide Mediated through NOD2. Implications for Crohn's Disease". Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (8): 5509–5512. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200673200. PMID 12514169.
^ Curr Biol. 2004 Nov 9;14(21):1929-34., Martinon F, Agostini L, Meylan E, Tschopp J. Identification of bacterial muramyl dipeptide as activator of the NALP3/cryopyrin inflammasome..

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1. 腸球菌における抗菌薬耐性の機構 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci
2. バンコマイシン耐性腸球菌の疫学、予防および管理 epidemiology and prevention and control of vancomycin resistant enterococci

English Journal

The crosstalk between TLR2 and NOD2 in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.

Wu J1, Zhang Y1, Xin Z2, Wu X3.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2015 Apr;64(2):235-43. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.021. Epub 2014 Dec 27.
Innate immunity is considered to be critical in the pathogenesis of fungal keratitis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize conserved microbial structures called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), thereby initiating the innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide
PMID 25549945

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 receptor is expressed in platelets and enhances platelet activation and thrombosis.

Zhang S1, Zhang S1, Hu L1, Zhai L1, Xue R1, Ye J1, Chen L1, Cheng G1, Mruk J1, Kunapuli SP1, Ding Z2.
Circulation.Circulation.2015 Mar 31;131(13):1160-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013743. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
BACKGROUND: Pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is well investigated in immunity, but its expression and function in platelets has never been explored.METHOD AND RESULTS: Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, we show that
PMID 25825396

Species-specific engagement of human nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD)2 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling upon intracellular bacterial infection: role of Crohn's associated NOD2 gene variants.

Salem M1, Seidelin JB, Eickhardt S, Alhede M, Rogler G, Nielsen OH.
Clinical and experimental immunology.Clin Exp Immunol.2015 Mar;179(3):426-34. doi: 10.1111/cei.12471.
Recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan-derived muramyl-dipeptide (MDP) by nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) induces crucial innate immune responses. Most bacteria carry the N-acetylated form of MDP (A-MDP) in their cell membranes, whereas N-glycolyl MDP (G-MDP) is typical for mycobacteria.
PMID 25335775

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リンク元	「muramyl dipeptide」「アセチルムラミルアラニルイソグルタミン」
関連記事	「alanyl」

「muramyl dipeptide」

Muramyl dipeptide
Names
	IUPAC name (4R)-4-[ [(2S)-2-[ [(2R)-2-[(2R,5S)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid
	Other names Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	53678-77-6
ChemSpider	9794910
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H32N4O11/c1-7(17(30)23-10(16(20)29)4-5-12(26)27)21-18(31)8(2)33-15-13(22-9(3)25)19(32)34-11(6-24)14(15)28/h7-8,10-11,13-15,19,24,28,32H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,20,29)(H,21,31)(H,22,25)(H,23,30)(H,26,27)/t7-,8+,10+,11+,13+,14+,15+,19?/m0/s1 ; Key: BSOQXXWZTUDTEL-QAQREVAFSA-N ; InChI=1/C19H32N4O11/c1-7(17(30)23-10(16(20)29)4-5-12(26)27)21-18(31)8(2)33-15-13(22-9(3)25)19(32)34-11(6-24)14(15)28/h7-8,10-11,13-15,19,24,28,32H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,20,29)(H,21,31)(H,22,25)(H,23,30)(H,26,27)/t7-,8+,10+,11+,13+,14+,15+,19?/m0/s1; Key: BSOQXXWZTUDTEL-QAQREVAFBN ;
IUPHAR/BPS	5024
Jmol-3D images	Image
MeSH	Muramyl+dipeptide
PubChem	11620162
	SMILES O=C(N)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](OC(O)[C@@H]1NC(=O)C)CO)C)C)CCC(=O)O ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C19H32N4O11
Molar mass	492.47758
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references