WordNet

(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission
French bacteriologist born in Switzerland; was a student of Pasteur; discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943) (同)Alexandre Yersin, Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin

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〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/17 05:37:32」(JST)

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For other uses, see Yersinia (disambiguation).

Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia are Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes.^[1] Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans; in particular, Y. pestis is the causative agent of the plague. Rodents are the natural reservoirs of Yersinia; less frequently other mammals serve as the host. Infection may occur either through blood (in the case of Y. pestis) or in an alimentary fashion, occasionally via consumption of food products (especially vegetables, milk-derived products and meat) contaminated with infected urine or feces.

Speculations exist as to whether or not certain Yersinia can also be spread via protozoonotic mechanisms, since Yersinia are known to be facultative intracellular parasites; studies and discussions of the possibility of amoeba-vectored (through the cyst form of the protozoan) Yersinia propagation and proliferation are now in progress.^[2]

Microbial physiology[edit]

An interesting feature peculiar to some of the Yersinia bacteria is the ability to not only survive but actively proliferate at temperatures as low as 1-4 degrees Celsius (e.g., on cut salads and other food products in a refrigerator). Yersinia bacteria are relatively quickly inactivated by oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate solutions.

Pathogenesis[edit]

Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague. The disease caused by Y. enterocolitica is called Yersiniosis.

Y. pseudotuberculosis rarely causes disease.^{[citation needed]}

Yersinia may be associated with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the gut. Iranian sufferers of Crohn's disease were more likely to have had earlier exposure to refrigerators at home,^[3] consistent with Yersinia's unusual ability to thrive at low temperatures.

Yersinia is implicated as one of the causes of reactive arthritis worldwide.^[4]

Also associated with pseudoappendicitis, which is an incorrect diagnoses of appendicitis due to a similar presentation.^[5]

History[edit]

For other genera named after people, see List of bacterial genera named after personal names.

Treatment[edit]

The most effective treatment is a combination of streptomycin and tetracycline, especially when treatment with one of these antibiotics alone has failed.^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 368–70. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
^ Bichai, F.; Payment, P.; Barbeau, B. (2008). "Protection of waterborne pathogens by higher organisms in drinking water: a review". Can. J. Microbiol. 54 (7): 509–524. doi:10.1139/W08-039. PMID 18641697. edit
^ Malekzadeh, F.; Alberti, C.; Nouraei, M.; Vahedi, H.; Zaccaria, I.; Meinzer, U.; Nasseri-Moghaddam, S.; Sotoudehmanesh, R. et al. (2009). "Crohn's disease and early exposure to domestic refrigeration" (Free full text). In Timmer, Antje. PLoS ONE 4 (1): e4288. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.4288M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004288. PMC 2629547. PMID 19177167. |displayauthors= suggested (help) edit
^ Nikkari, S.; Merilahti-Palo, R.; Saario, R.; Söderstrom, K. O.; Granfors, K.; Skurnik, M.; Toivanen, P. (1992). "Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. use of polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining in the detection of bacterial components from synovial specimens". Arthritis & Rheumatism 35 (6): 682–687. doi:10.1002/art.1780350613. edit
^ "EMedicine". Retrieved 2010-07-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c Loghem, J. J. (1944). "The classification of the plague-bacillus". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 10 (1–2): 15–16. doi:10.1007/BF02272779. PMID 20990853. edit
^ ^a ^b ^c Yersinia entry in LPSN [Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int J Syst Bacteriol 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9103655. ]

External links[edit]

Yersinia Enterocolitis Mimicking Crohn's Disease in a Toddler
Sweden: Pork warnings over new stomach illness
Yersinia genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID

UpToDate Contents

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1. エルシニア感染症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of yersinia infections
2. 腸炎エルシニアおよび偽結核菌感染症の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection
3. エルシニア感染の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of yersinia infections
4. ペスト（Yersinia pestis感染症）の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of plague yersinia pestis infection
5. ペスト（Yersinia pestis感染症）の疫学、微生物学および病因 epidemiology microbiology and pathogenesis of plague yersinia pestis infection

English Journal

Induction of the Yersinia pestis PhoP-PhoQ Regulatory System in the Flea and Its Role in Producing a Transmissible Infection.

Rebeil R, Jarrett CO, Driver JD, Ernst RK, Oyston PC, Hinnebusch BJ.SourceLaboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA.
Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2013 May;195(9):1920-30. doi: 10.1128/JB.02000-12. Epub 2013 Feb 22.
Transmission of Yersinia pestis is greatly enhanced after it forms a bacterial biofilm in the foregut of the flea vector that interferes with normal blood feeding. Here we report that the ability to produce a normal foregut-blocking infection depends on induction of the Y. pestis PhoP-PhoQ two-compo
PMID 23435973

Outbreak of Yersiniosis in Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) Caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Serotype 4b.

Nakamura S, Settai S, Hayashidani H, Urabe T, Namai S, Une Y.SourceLaboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
Journal of comparative pathology.J Comp Pathol.2013 May;148(4):410-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
This report describes an outbreak of yersiniosis in Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 4b. Twelve of 61 bats died between November and December 2008 or in May 2009. The bats often displayed multiple yellow-white nodules in the spleen and liv
PMID 22980777

Inheritance of the Lysozyme Inhibitor Ivy Was an Important Evolutionary Step by Yersinia pestis to Avoid the Host Innate Immune Response.

Derbise A, Pierre F, Merchez M, Pradel E, Laouami S, Ricard I, Sirard JC, Fritz J, Lemaître N, Akinbi H, Boneca IG, Sebbane F.SourceEquipe Peste et Yersinia pestis, INSERM U1019.
The Journal of infectious diseases.J Infect Dis.2013 May;207(10):1535-43. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit057. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
Background. Yersinia pestis (the plague bacillus) and its ancestor, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (which causes self-limited bowel disease), encode putative homologues of the periplasmic lysozyme inhibitor Ivy and the membrane-bound lysozyme inhibitor MliC. The involvement of both inhibitors in viru
PMID 23402825

Japanese Journal

症例報告簡易水道を介したYersinia enterocolitica感染症の集団発生

平岩明子,和田拓也,中坪(榊) 久乃 [他]
日本小児科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 118(12), 1738-1741, 2014-12
NAID 40020306744

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 感染による急性尿細管間質性腎炎リスクファクターの検討

深山雄大,和田尚弘,鵜野裕一,山田昌由,北山浩嗣
Nihon Shoni Jinzobyo Gakkai Zasshi 26(2), 187-193, 2014
… Yersinia pseudotuberculosis（Ypt）は健康小児の急性腎不全の原因として重要である。 … もう1 例は抗Yersinia pseudotuberculosis derived mitogen（YPM）抗体の上昇を認めた。 …
NAID 130004495408

Protochlamydia Induces Apoptosis of Human HEp-2 Cells through Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Chlamydial Protease-Like Activity Factor

Matsuo Junji,Nakamura Shinji,Ito Atsushi,Yamazaki Tomohiro,Ishida Kasumi,Hayashi Yasuhiro,Yoshida Mitsutaka,Takahashi Kaori,Sekizuka Tsuyoshi,Takeuchi Fumihiko,Kuroda Makoto,Nagai Hiroki,Hayashida Kyoko,Sugimoto Chihiro,Yamaguchi Hiroyuki
PLoS One 8(2), e56005, 2013-02-11
… Interestingly, Yersinia type III inhibitors (ME0052, ME0053, and ME0054) did not have any effect on the apoptosis. … trachomatis infection can block the apoptosis, our finding implies unique features of CPAF between pathogenic and primitive chlamydiae. …
NAID 120005228369

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「エルシニア症」

Yersinia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Yersinia; van Loghem, 1944
Species
	Y. aldovae; Y. aleksiciae; Y. bercovieri; Y. enterocolitica; Y. frederiksenii; Y. intermedia; Y. kristensenii; Y. mollaretii; Y. pestis; Y. pseudotuberculosis; Y. rohdei; Y. ruckeri