SINE
- 日
- 短い散在反復配列、短分散型核内反復配列、短い散在性反復配列
- 英
- short interspersed element, short interspersed nuclear element, short interspersed nucleotide element, SINEs
- 関
- レトロトランスポゾン
- Short interspersed repetitive elements or Short interspersed nuclear elements[8] are short DNA sequences (<500 bases) that represent reverse-transcribed RNA molecules originally transcribed by RNA polymerase III into tRNA, rRNA, and other small nuclear RNAs. SINEs do not encode a functional reverse transcriptase protein and rely on other mobile elements for transposition. The most common SINEs in primates are called Alu sequences. Alu elements are 280 base pairs long, do not contain any coding sequences, and can be recognized by the restriction enzyme AluI (hence the name). With about 1,500,000 copies, SINEs make up about 13% of the human genome.[11] While historically viewed as "junk DNA", recent research suggests that in some rare cases both LINEs and SINEs were incorporated into novel genes, so as to evolve new functionality. The distribution of these elements has been implicated in some genetic diseases and cancers.