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1. 肛門直腸に異常を訴える成人患者へのアプローチapproach to adult patients with anorectal complaints [show details]
…best detected by the digital rectal examination. If an anal fissure is suspected by inspection or by point tenderness upon insertion of the tip of a gloved finger, digital rectal examination should be deferred …
2. 直腸腺癌への術前化学放射線療法、放射線治療、化学療法neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma [show details]
…Sphincter-sparing approaches for lower rectal adenocarcinomas have evolved along two pathways: For patients with small rectal adenocarcinomas that are superficial and confined to the rectal wall, local excision techniques …
3. 直腸癌にネオアジュバント療法を行った後のアジュバント療法adjuvant therapy after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer [show details]
…staging evaluation for rectal cancer, the surgical management of rectal adenocarcinoma, treatment of locally advanced unresectable or locally recurrent disease, management of rectal squamous cell cancers …
4. ネオアジュバント療法を受けていない直腸癌患者の術後に行うアジュバント療法adjuvant therapy for resected rectal adenocarcinoma in patients not receiving neoadjuvant therapy [show details]
…undergoing surgery for rectal cancer is equally distributed locally (ie, pelvis) and in distant sites (eg, liver, lung) . The majority of the early trials of combined modality therapy in rectal cancer evaluated …
5. 大腸癌長期生存患者へのアプローチapproach to the long term survivor of colorectal cancer [show details]
…low-lying rectal cancers. Indications for neoadjuvant therapy in patients with rectal cancer are discussed in detail elsewhere. Five-year survival rates for all stages of colon and rectal cancer are …