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1. 閉塞隅角緑内障angle closure glaucoma [show details]
…disease is called primary angle-closure glaucoma. If the entire angle is blocked suddenly, as occurs in complete pupillary block, the IOP rises rapidly, and acute symptoms can occur. These attacks of acute …
2. 外傷性前房出血：臨床的特徴および診断traumatic hyphema clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
…associated with angle closure and pupillary block glaucoma. With angle closure glaucoma, the normal flow through the canal of Schlemm is blocked. With pupillary block glaucoma, the flow of aqueous humor …
3. 開放隅角緑内障：治療open angle glaucoma treatment [show details]
…angle closure may experience angle-closure glaucoma with these medications . The mechanism is pupillary block related to dilation of the pupil. These medications should not be prescribed to such patients …
4. 新生児や乳児の神経筋接合部障害neuromuscular junction disorders in newborns and infants [show details]
…with neuromuscular blockers, may lead to prolonged weakness caused by a presynaptic block. Bladder, bowel, and pupillary functions may be depressed . Hypocalcemia accentuates the neurotoxic effects of aminoglycosides …
5. レーザー屈折矯正手術laser refractive surgery [show details]
…complications, such as endothelial cell loss, chronic or increased intraocular inflammation, pupillary ovalization, pupillary block glaucoma, cataract formation, intraocular lens dislocation, and retinal detachment …

「瞳孔」

　　[★]

英: pupil, pupils
ラ: pupilla
関: 内眼筋

概念

瞳孔の大きさにより眼球に入る光の量を調節している。これには瞳孔散大筋(交感神経支配)と瞳孔括約筋(副交感神経)が関与している。

瞳孔の大きさ

正常：2.5-4.0 mm (SCN.111)
縮瞳：＜2.0 mm (SCN.111)
散瞳：＞5.0 mm (SCN.111)
瞳孔不同

年齢

瞳孔径は20歳代で最大となり、高齢になるにつれて小さくなっていく。

神経支配


瞳孔	支配	自律神経障害
散瞳(瞳孔散大筋)	交感神経(頚部)	副交感神経障害：Horner症候群：縮瞳、眼瞼下垂
縮瞳(瞳孔括約筋)	副交感神経(動眼神経)	交感神経障害　：動眼神経麻痺：散瞳、眼瞼下垂