WordNet

the topmost one of two
piece of leather or synthetic material that forms the part of a shoe or boot above the sole that encases the foot; "Uppers come in many styles"
higher in place or position; "the upper bunk"; "in the upper center of the picture"; "the upper stories"
superior in rank or accomplishment; "the upper half of the class"
a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(場所・位置が)『上のほうの』,上部の / 『上級の』,上位の / 奥地の,上流の / 靴の甲皮(こうがわ)(かかとより上の部分) / 覚醒剤（これの反意語はdowner：鎮静剤）
(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
〈C〉航空路 / 〈C〉(鉱山などの)通風路 / 《複数形》航空会社

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The status of cephalometry in the prediction of non-CPAP treatment outcome in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Denolf PL1, Vanderveken OM2, Marklund ME3, Braem MJ4.
Sleep medicine reviews.Sleep Med Rev.2016 Jun;27:56-73. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.05.009. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common sleep disordered breathing disorder (SDB) in adults and is characterized by a recurrent partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. This can be caused by many factors, sometimes interacting, such as skeletal malformations,
PMID 26452001

Reduction of internal carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome after nasal surgery and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Peng Y1, Zhang L1, Hu D1, Dai Y1, Wang S2, Liao H3, Xiong Y3.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2016 May;136(5):514-21. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1130856. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
Conclusion Multi-level surgeries for the nasal cavity and palate can reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnea with major narrowing above the retropalatal airway and reduce the carotid intima-media thickness, which can provide cardiovascular benefits to patients. Objective To evaluate the outco
PMID 26824298

Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: Clinical, radiological, and genetic findings.

Tooley M1, Lynch D2, Bernier F2, Parboosingh J2, Bhoj E3, Zackai E3, Calder A4, Itasaki N5, Wakeling E6, Scott R7, Lees M7, Clayton-Smith J8, Blyth M9, Morton J10, Shears D11, Kini U11, Homfray T12, Clarke A13, Barnicoat A7, Wallis C14, Hewitson R14, Offiah A15, Saunders M16, Langton-Hewer S17, Hilliard T17, Davis P18, Smithson S1.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2016 May;170(5):1115-26. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37587. Epub 2016 Mar 12.
Cerebro-Costo-Mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition comprising branchial arch-derivative malformations with striking rib-gaps. Affected patients often have respiratory difficulties, associated with upper airway obstruction, reduced thoracic capacity, and scoliosis. We des
PMID 26971886

久松建一,工藤逸大,高根智之 [他],牧山清,平井良治
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 105(9), 851-857, 2012
… In fifty-six patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), upper airway resistace syndrome (UARS), snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness, the nasal resistance was measured preoperatively with rhinomanometry using the anterior method. …
NAID 130002141254