出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/04 13:27:55」(JST)
| Crotalus mitchellii | |
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Conservation status
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Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Subfamily: | Crotalinae |
| Genus: | Crotalus |
| Species: | C. mitchellii |
| Binomial name | |
| Crotalus mitchellii (Cope, 1861) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Crotalus mitchellii is a venomous pit viper species found in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It was named in honor of Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914), a medical doctor who also studied rattlesnake venoms.[3] Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.[6]
Generally, this species does not exceed 100 cm (39 in) in length, with large males measuring between 90 and 100 cm (35 and 39 in). The race on Angel de la Guarda Island is known to become larger, the maximum recorded length for a specimen there being 136.7 cm (53.8 in). In contrast, the population on El Muerto Island only reaches a maximum of 63.7 cm (25.1 in) in length.[3]
This species is found in the southwestern United States and in northwestern Mexico. In the US, its range includes east-central and southern California, southwestern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, and western Arizona. In Mexico, it is native in most of Baja California, including Baja California Sur. It also inhabits a number of islands in the Gulf of California, including Angel de la Guarda Island, Carmen, Cerralvo, El Muerto, Espíritu Santo, Monserrate, Piojo, Salsipuedes, and San José, as well as on Santa Margarita Island off the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur.[2]
The type locality is listed as "Cape St. Lucas, Lower California" (Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico).[2]
| Subspecies[6] | Taxon author[6] | Common name[7] | Geographic range[7] |
|---|---|---|---|
| C. m. angelensis | Klauber, 1963 | Angel de la Guarda Island speckled rattlesnake | Mexico, on the island of Ángel de la Guarda |
| C. m. mitchellii | (Cope, 1861) | San Lucan speckled rattlesnake | Mexico, in Baja California Sur and on the islands of Santa Margarita, Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, San José, Monserrate, and Carmen |
| C. m. muertensis | Klauber, 1949 | El Muerto Island speckled rattlesnake | Mexico, on the island of El Muerto |
| C. m. pyrrhus | (Cope, 1866) | Southwestern speckled rattlesnake | The US in southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and western Arizona, Mexico in northwestern Sonora and northern Baja California |
| C. m. stephensi | Klauber, 1930 | Panamint rattlesnake | East-central California and southwestern Nevada |
Grismer (1999) argued that C. m. angelensis and C. m. muertensis should be given species status, mainly due to differences in body size.[3]
The nominate subspecies (C. m. mitchellii) is classified as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007.[1] Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.[8]
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