WordNet

hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand; "The impatient teacher slapped the student"; "a gunshot slapped him on the forehead"
a blow from a flat object (as an open hand) (同)smack
speak impudently to
either side of the face below the eyes

PrepTutorEJDIC

『平手打ち』,平たい物で打つこと / (平手打ちなどの)ピシャリという音 / …‘を'『平手でビシャリと打つ』;…‘の'(…を)平手打ちする《+『名』+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (…に)…‘を'すばやく(ぞんざいに,むぞうさに)置く《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / ピシャリと音を立てて打つ / まっすぐに,まともに
まっすぐに,まともに
〈C〉『ほお』 / 〈U〉《話》生意気な言葉;生意気,厚かましさ / 〈C〉《俗》尻(しり)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/10 22:40:25」(JST)

wiki en

Not to be confused with sixth disease. See Exanthema subitum.

Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19.^[1] The disease is also referred to as slapped cheek syndrome, slapcheek, slap face or slapped face.^[2]^[3]

The name "fifth disease" comes from its place on the standard list of rash-causing childhood diseases, which also includes measles, scarlet fever, and rubella.

Signs and symptoms

Fifth disease starts with a low-grade fever, headache, rash, and cold-like symptoms, such as a runny or stuffy nose. These symptoms pass, then a few days later the rash appears. The bright red rash most commonly appears in the face, particularly the cheeks. This is a defining symptom of the infection in children (hence the name "slapped cheek disease"). Occasionally the rash will extend over the bridge of the nose or around the mouth. In addition to red cheeks, children often develop a red, lacy rash on the rest of the body, with the upper arms, torso, and legs being the most common locations. The rash typically lasts a couple of days and may itch; some cases have been known to last for several weeks. Patients are usually no longer infectious once the rash has appeared.^[2]^[3]

Teenagers and adults may present with a self-limited arthritis. It manifests in painful swelling of the joints that feels similar to arthritis. Older children and adults with fifth disease may have difficulty in walking and in bending joints such as wrists, knees, ankles, fingers, and shoulders.^[2]^[3]

The disease is usually mild,^[4] but in certain risk groups it can have serious consequences:

In pregnant women, infection in the first trimester has been linked to hydrops fetalis, causing spontaneous miscarriage.
In people with sickle-cell disease or other forms of chronic hemolytic anemia such as hereditary spherocytosis, infection can precipitate an aplastic crisis.^[2]^[3]
Those who are immuno-compromised (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy) may be at risk for complications if exposed.^[5]

Transmission

Fifth disease is transmitted primarily by respiratory secretions (saliva, mucus, etc.) but can also be spread by contact with infected blood. The incubation period (the time between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms) is usually between 4 and 21 days. Individuals with fifth disease are most infectious before the onset of symptoms. Typically, school children, day-care workers, teachers and parents are most likely to be exposed to the virus. When symptoms are evident, there is little risk of transmission; therefore, symptomatic individuals need not be isolated.^[2]^[3]

Treatment

Treatment is supportive as the infection is frequently self-limiting. Antipyretics (i.e., fever reducers) are commonly used. The rash usually does not itch but can be mildly painful. There is no specific therapy.

Epidemiology

Any age may be affected although it is most common in children aged five to fifteen years.^[6] By the time adulthood is reached about half the population will have become immune following infection at some time in their past.^[2]^[3] Outbreaks can arise especially in nursery schools, preschools, and elementary schools. Infection is an occupational risk for school and day-care personnel.^[7] There is no vaccine available for human parvovirus B19,^[3] though attempts have been made to develop one.^[8]

History

The name "fifth disease" is not typically capitalized, since the name derives from its historical classification as the fifth of the classical childhood skin rashes or exanthems. Their classification is as follows:

Measles
Scarlet fever
Rubella
Dukes' disease
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
Roseola

It was first described by Robert Willan in 1799 as "Rubeola, sine catarrho". It was better defined by Anton Tschamer in 1889 as a rubella variant ("Ortliche Rotheln"), identified as a distinct condition in 1896 by T. Escherich, and given the name "erythema infectiosum" in 1899.^[9]

References

Notes

^ Weir E (March 2005). "Parvovirus B19 infection: fifth disease and more". CMAJ 172 (6): 743. doi:10.1503/cmaj.045293. PMC 552884. PMID 15767606.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Sabella C, Goldfarb J; Goldfarb (October 1999). "Parvovirus B19 infections". Am Fam Physician 60 (5): 1455–60. PMID 10524489. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Servey JT, Reamy BV, Hodge J; Reamy; Hodge (February 2007). "Clinical presentations of parvovirus B19 infection". Am Fam Physician 75 (3): 373–6. PMID 17304869. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
^ Mankuta D, Bar-Oz B, Koren G; Bar-Oz; Koren (March 1999). "Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) and pregnancy". Can Fam Physician 45: 603–5. PMC 2328398. PMID 10099795.
^ Yoto, Y., et. al, (2003). "Retrospective study on the influence of human parvovirus B19 infection among children with malignant diseases". Acta Haematol pg.8–12, PMID 8237278
^ Kwon, Kenneth T (March 19, 2009). "Pediatrics, Fifth Disease or Erythema Infectiosum". eMedicine. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
^ Gillespie, S. M.; Cartter, M. L.; Asch, S; Rokos, J. B.; Gary, G. W.; Tsou, C. J.; Hall, D. B.; Anderson, L. J.; Hurwitz, E. S. (1990). "Occupational risk of human parvovirus B19 infection for school and day-care personnel during an outbreak of erythema infectiosum". JAMA 263 (15): 2061–5. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440150069028. PMID 2157074.
^ Ballou WR, Reed JL, Noble W, Young NS, Koenig S (2003). "Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant parvovirus B19 vaccine formulated with MF59C.1". J Infect Dis 187 (4): 675–8. doi:10.1086/368382. PMID 12599085.
^ Altman, Lawrence K (November 30, 1982). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD". The New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2009.

External links

Parvovirus B19 at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

UpToDate Contents

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1. ヒトパルボウイルスB19感染の臨床症状および病因 clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of human parvovirus b19 infection
2. パルボウイルスB19感染の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of parvovirus b19 infection
3. 妊娠中のパルボウイルスB19感染 parvovirus b19 infection during pregnancy
4. 小児における非定型ウイルス性発疹 atypical viral exanthems in children
5. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema

English Journal

Detection of IgE anti-parvovirus B19 and increased CD23+ B cells in parvovirus B19 infection: relation to Th2 cytokines.

Bluth MH1, Norowitz KB, Chice S, Shah VN, Nowakowski M, Josephson AS, Durkin HG, Smith-Norowitz TA.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.).Clin Immunol.2003 Aug;108(2):152-8.
The immune profile of a parvovirus B19-infected patient (male, 8 years old) was studied on day 0 (initial presentation) and on days 14 and 210 post symptom presentation (psp). Before infection, the patient was skin test positive to various allergens, including ragweed and tree and grass pollens, and
PMID 12921761

[Scapula alata as a complication of infection with human parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum)].

Zander D1, Perlick L, Diedrich O.
Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete.Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb.2001 Mar-Apr;139(2):174-6.
This article reports a case of a 38-year-old woman suffering from erythema infectiosum (slap-cheek disease) complicated by arthritis and severe brachial plexus neuritis resulting in scapula winging.
PMID 11386110

Japanese Journal

エマル文書に見える財産相続権の剥奪:その象徴的行為表現について

山田雅道
オリエント 51(1), 181-197, 2008
… "to slap one's cheek" (subj.: mother); …
NAID 130003396270

キリスト教教育への試論 : 戦争に対するキリスト教徒の態度 : 初代協会,歴史的平和主義協会,セブンスデー・アドベンティストおよびエホバの証人の場合

山崎文雄
松山東雲短期大学研究論集 21, 1-10, 1990-12
… to the Roman Empire, the persecutor, or because of an emphasis on love and an aversion to killing.The teacings of love and nonresitance which are foundin the Sermon on the Mount are as follows: "do not take revenge on some one who wrongs you,let him slap your left cheek too, carry it two miles, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,"(Mt.5:39~42).The other reason was eschatology in the Early Church.They taught that the Load himself would come down again from heaven to punish those who rejected Gota and who …
NAID 110006996909

A Study of Traumatic Perforation of the Eardrum

吉川兼人,瀧本勲,石神寛通,山田一美
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 78(6special), 1293-1301, 1985
… was due to direct injury during removal of earwax.On the other hand, many patients with indirect injuries, such as those due to a slap on the cheek or the ear, had a sensation of ear-fullness or hearing impairment.2) Many of the patients were in the second decade of age, and in these perforation was apt to be due to a slap on the cheek or the ear.3) In 34 patients the perforation was in the antero-inferior part of the eardrum, and in 6 in the postero-inferior part.4) …
NAID 130001808779

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「伝染性紅斑」

Erythema infectiosum
	16-month-old with erythema infectiosum
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	B08.3
ICD-9-CM	057.0
DiseasesDB	4442
MedlinePlus	000977
eMedicine	emerg/378 derm/136 ped/192
Patient UK	Fifth disease
MeSH	D016731

　　[★]

英: slapped cheek disease, slap cheek, infectious blushing
ラ: erythema infectiosum
同: リンゴ病、第五病 fifth disease、
関: B19ウイルス

特徴

発疹。骨髄赤芽球前駆体への親和性
発症前にウイルスが排出されるため感染予防が難しい。
2-7歳の幼児に多く。発熱。
成人では症状は出にくい：赤い紅斑はない。関節痛や関節炎が起きやすい。

疫学

病原体

パルボウイルス科パルボウイルス亜科エリスロウイルス属 B19ウイルスの感染により発症

潜伏期間

感染経路

飛沫感染

症状

小児に多い
顔面に紅斑が出現し、四肢に網状紅斑が広がる

レース状紅斑

合併症

(妊婦の場合)胎児水腫

経過

7-10日：発熱、カゼ様症状。鼻汁、血液、咽頭よりウイルス検出
9日：リンパ球減少
10-15日：網状赤血球現象。ヘモグロビン減少。IgM・IgG↑。カゼ様症状消失
18日頃：発疹。関節炎

検査

IgM抗体

予防

ワクチンなし
妊婦は、流行期には小児の多い場所へは近づかない。

母子感染

参考2

経胎盤感染
妊娠初期(妊娠20週未満)：約30%が経胎盤感染し、その1/3が胎児水腫に移行する。すなわち伝染紅斑に罹患した母の10%で胎児水腫(非免疫性胎児水腫)が見られる。
妊娠20週以降：母子感染はないとされる。
病態生理：貧血に対する心臓の代償的な心拍出量増加がおこるが、ついには代償機構が破綻し心不全(左心不全→右心不全)に至る。
胎児に対する検査：(超音波検査)MCA上昇、腹水・胸水・心嚢水の貯留

参考

1. 国立感染症研究所

http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/19/217/tpc217-j.html

2. D．産科疾患の診断・治療・管理 8．合併症妊娠の管理と治療 - 日産婦誌61巻12号

http://www.jsog.or.jp/PDF/61/6112-625.pdf

[pmid15767606-1] Weir E (March 2005). "Parvovirus B19 infection: fifth disease and more". CMAJ 172 (6): 743. doi:10.1503/cmaj.045293. PMC 552884. PMID 15767606.

[Sabella1999-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Sabella C, Goldfarb J; Goldfarb (October 1999). "Parvovirus B19 infections". Am Fam Physician 60 (5): 1455–60. PMID 10524489. Retrieved 2009-11-06.

[Servey2007-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Servey JT, Reamy BV, Hodge J; Reamy; Hodge (February 2007). "Clinical presentations of parvovirus B19 infection". Am Fam Physician 75 (3): 373–6. PMID 17304869. Retrieved 2009-11-06.

[pmid10099795-4] Mankuta D, Bar-Oz B, Koren G; Bar-Oz; Koren (March 1999). "Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) and pregnancy". Can Fam Physician 45: 603–5. PMC 2328398. PMID 10099795.

[5] Yoto, Y., et. al, (2003). "Retrospective study on the influence of human parvovirus B19 infection among children with malignant diseases". Acta Haematol pg.8–12, PMID 8237278

[Kwon-6] Kwon, Kenneth T (March 19, 2009). "Pediatrics, Fifth Disease or Erythema Infectiosum". eMedicine. Retrieved November 7, 2009.

[7] Gillespie, S. M.; Cartter, M. L.; Asch, S; Rokos, J. B.; Gary, G. W.; Tsou, C. J.; Hall, D. B.; Anderson, L. J.; Hurwitz, E. S. (1990). "Occupational risk of human parvovirus B19 infection for school and day-care personnel during an outbreak of erythema infectiosum". JAMA 263 (15): 2061–5. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440150069028. PMID 2157074.

[8] Ballou WR, Reed JL, Noble W, Young NS, Koenig S (2003). "Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant parvovirus B19 vaccine formulated with MF59C.1". J Infect Dis 187 (4): 675–8. doi:10.1086/368382. PMID 12599085.

[urlTHE_DOCTORS_WORLD_-_New_York_Times-9] Altman, Lawrence K (November 30, 1982). "THE DOCTOR'S WORLD". The New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2009.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

slap cheek