plexopathy

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/24 18:19:27」(JST)

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Plexopathy is a disorder affecting a network of nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels. The region of nerves it affects are at the brachial or lumbosacral plexus. Symptoms include pain, loss of motor control, and sensory deficits.

There are two main types of plexopathy: brachial plexopathy and lumbosacral plexopathy. They are usually caused from some sort of localized trauma such as a dislocated shoulder. The disorder can also be caused secondary to a compression, co-morbid vascular disease, infection, or may be idiopathic with an unknown cause. Both plexopathies can also occur as a consequence of radiation therapy, sometimes after 30 or more years have passed, in conditions known as Radiation-induced Brachial Plexopathy (RIBP) and Radiation-induced Lumbosacral Plexopathy (RILP).

Evaluation and management

The first steps in the evaluation and later management of plexopathy would consist of gathering a medical history and conducting a physical examination by a healthcare clinician. Motor function defect patterns detected within either the upper or lower extremities help with diagnosis of the disorder.

X-rays of the cervical spine, chest, and shoulder are usually ordered if symptoms point to acute Brachial plexopathy. If the physical history reveals a history of diabetes, collagen vascular disease, or symptoms of infection, the physician may order a series of blood tests including a complete blood count (CBC) and a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP).

Treatment

Mild cases are usually treated by the administration of analgesia and muscle relaxers. Reduced and limited physical activity with repeated follow-ups with the health care provider are required for one diagnosed with plexopathy. Individuals with prolonged, chronic symptoms will require additional testing and treatment. With brachial plexopathy, surgical decompression may be warranted if the pathophysiology of the disease is causing pressure on the affected nerves. In some cases of brachial plexopathy, no treatment is required and recovery happens on its own. Treatment for lumbosacral plexopathy that is not caused by trauma, but instead from diabetic plexopathy, is directed at controlling the person's blood sugar level. By preventing the deterioration of the nerve fibers from hyperglycemia, patients may recover significant muscle strength. For radiation-induced plexopathies, treatment options are limited to pain/symptom mananagement and provision of assistive devices.

Disposition

Plexopathy symptoms often resemble spinal cord disorders. A neurosurgical consultation is usually undertaken to ensure proper diagnosis, management, and treatment. Patients with chronic symptoms will likely be advised to follow up with outpatient care from either their health care provider or specialist.

See also

• plexus
• nerve plexus

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the U.S. National Cancer Institute document "Dictionary of Cancer Terms".

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English Journal

• Herpetic Brachial Plexopathy: Application of Brachial Plexus Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound-Guided Corticosteroid Injection.

• Kim JG1, Chung SG.
• American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists.Am J Phys Med Rehabil.2016 May;95(5):e67-71. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000445.
• Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is an infectious viral disease characterized by painful, unilateral skin blisters occurring in specific sensory dermatomes. Motor paresis is reported in 0.5% to 5% of patients. Although the mechanism of zoster paresis is still unclear, the virus can spread
• PMID 26829085

• Axillary Artery Injury Associated with Proximal Humeral Fractures: Review of Long-Term Vascular, Orthopedic, and Neurologic Outcomes.

• Ng AJ1, Arora V2, Tang HH3, Treseder T4, Jain A2, Wagner T4.
• Annals of vascular surgery.Ann Vasc Surg.2016 May;33:210-9. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.10.038. Epub 2016 Mar 8.
• BACKGROUND: Fracture and dislocation of the proximal humerus is common. It is associated with a number of vascular, neurologic, and orthopedic complications; these include brachial plexopathy and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head. These complications are rare but can potentially cause sev
• PMID 26965805

• A case of relapsing-remitting facial palsy and ipsilateral brachial plexopathy caused by HSV-1.

• Alstadhaug KB1, Kvarenes HW2, Prytz J3, Vedeler C4.
• Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.J Clin Virol.2016 May;78:62-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
• The etiologies of Bell's palsy and brachial neuritis remain uncertain, and the conditions rarely co-occur or reoccur. Here we present a woman in her twenties who had several relapsing-remitting episodes with left-sided facial palsy and brachial neuropathy. The episodes always started with painful le
• PMID 26991053

Japanese Journal

• Brief Clinical Notes : Acute fulminant brachial plexopathy with good recovery : Electrophysiological features

• Hemmi Shoji,Kurokawa Katsumi,Nagai Taiji [他]
• 臨床神経学 52(6), 436-438, 2012-06
• NAID 40019352972

• 耳介軟骨移植術後に腕神経叢障害が疑われた2症例

• 水谷 文子,神野 成治,深山 治久
• 日本歯科麻酔学会雑誌 40(2), 207-208, 2012-04-15
• NAID 10030554973

Related Links

• Plexopathy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Plexopathy. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. Plexopathy is a disorder affecting a network of nerves, blood vessels, or lymph vessels. The region of nerves it affects are at the brachial or lumbosacral plexus.

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