neuron-specific enolase

神経特異性エノラーゼ

WordNet

1. stated explicitly or in detail; "needed a specific amount"
2. a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease; "quinine is a specific for malaria"
3. (sometimes followed by `to'
4. being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides; "quinine is highly specific for malaria"; "a specific remedy"; "a specific stain is one having a specific affinity for particular structural elements"
5. relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species; "specific characters"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『特定の』,一定の・『明確な』,明白な・(そのものに)『特有の』,独特の《+『to』+『名』》・〈C〉(…の)特効薬《+『for』+『名』》・《複数形で》明細,細部(details)
2. 神経単位,神経細胞,ニューロン,ノイロン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/08 08:04:06」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal)
PDB rendering based on 1te6.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1TE6, 2AKM, 2AKZ, 3UCC, 3UCD, 3UJE, 3UJF, 3UJR, 3UJS
Identifiers
Symbols	ENO2; NSE
External IDs	OMIM: 131360 MGI: 95394 HomoloGene: 74414 ChEMBL: 4993 GeneCards: ENO2 Gene
EC number	4.2.1.11
Gene Ontology Molecular function • magnesium ion binding • phosphopyruvate hydratase activity Cellular component • phosphopyruvate hydratase complex • photoreceptor inner segment • cytosol • plasma membrane • perikaryon Biological process • carbohydrate metabolic process • glucose metabolic process • gluconeogenesis • glycolysis • small molecule metabolic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2026	13807
Ensembl	ENSG00000111674	ENSMUSG00000004267
UniProt	P09104	P17183
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001975	NM_013509
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001966	NP_038537
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 7.02 – 7.03 Mb	Chr 6: 124.76 – 124.77 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Gamma-enolase, also known as enolase 2 (ENO2) or neuron specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENO2 gene. Gamma-enolase is a phosphopyruvate hydratase.

Gamma-enolase is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates.

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.

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Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit

Utility

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunostaining of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma.

Detection of NSE with antibodies can be used to identify neuronal cells and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation. NSE is produced by small cell carcinomas which are neuroendocrine in origin. NSE is therefore a useful tumor marker for lung cancer patients.

References

Further reading

• Oliva D, Calì L, Feo S, Giallongo A (1991). "Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase.". Genomics 10 (1): 157–65. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90496-2. PMID 2045099. 
• Craig SP, Day IN, Thompson RJ, Craig IW (1991). "Localisation of neurone-specific enolase (ENO2) to 12p13.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (1–2): 71–3. doi:10.1159/000132960. PMID 2249478. 
• Oliva D, Barba G, Barbieri G et al. (1989). "Cloning, expression and sequence homologies of cDNA for human gamma enolase". Gene 79 (2): 355–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90217-5. PMID 2792767. 
• McAleese SM, Dunbar B, Fothergill JE et al. (1989). "Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE)". Eur. J. Biochem. 178 (2): 413–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14465.x. PMID 3208766. 
• Van Obberghen E, Kamholz J, Bishop JG et al. (1988). "Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin". J. Neurosci. Res. 19 (4): 450–6. doi:10.1002/jnr.490190409. PMID 3385803. 
• Day IN, Allsopp MT, Moore DC, Thompson RJ (1987). "Sequence conservation in the 3'-untranslated regions of neurone-specific enolase, lymphokine and protooncogene mRNAs". FEBS Lett. 222 (1): 139–43. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)80207-7. PMID 3653393. 
• Haimoto H, Takahashi Y, Koshikawa T et al. (1985). "Immunohistochemical localization of gamma-enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues". Lab. Invest. 52 (3): 257–63. PMID 3974199. 
• Quan CP, Watanabe S, Vuillier F et al. (1993). "Purification and partial amino acid sequence of suppressive lymphokine from a CD8+ CD57+ human T hybridoma". Immunology 78 (2): 205–9. PMC 1421811. PMID 7682534. 
• Angelov DN, Neiss WF, Gunkel A et al. (1994). "Axotomy induces intranuclear immunolocalization of neuron-specific enolase in facial and hypoglossal neurons of the rat". J. Neurocytol. 23 (4): 218–33. doi:10.1007/BF01275526. PMID 8035205. 
• Pechumer H, Bender-Götze C, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW (1994). "Detection of neuron-specific gamma-enolase messenger ribonucleic acid in normal human leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction amplification with nested primers". Lab. Invest. 69 (6): 743–9. PMID 8264236. 
• Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM et al. (1997). "Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination". Genome Res. 7 (3): 268–80. doi:10.1101/gr.7.3.268. PMID 9074930. 
• Lau L (2002). "Neuroblastoma: a single institution's experience with 128 children and an evaluation of clinical and biological prognostic factors". Pediatric hematology and oncology 19 (2): 79–89. doi:10.1080/08880010252825669. PMID 11881792. 
• Wijnberger LD, Nikkels PG, van Dongen AJ et al. (2002). "Expression in the placenta of neuronal markers for perinatal brain damage". Pediatr. Res. 51 (4): 492–6. doi:10.1203/00006450-200204000-00015. PMID 11919335. 
• O'Dwyer DT, Clifton V, Hall A et al. (2002). "Pituitary autoantibodies in lymphocytic hypophysitis target both gamma- and alpha-Enolase - a link with pregnancy?". Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 110 (1–2): 94–8. doi:10.1076/apab.110.1.94.897. PMID 11935405. 
• Chekhonin VP, Zhirkov YA, Belyaeva IA et al. (2002). "Serum time course of two brain-specific proteins, alpha(1) brain globulin and neuron-specific enolase, in tick-born encephalitis and Lyme disease". Clin. Chim. Acta 320 (1–2): 117–25. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00057-8. PMID 11983209. 
• Nakatsuka S, Nishiu M, Tomita Y et al. (2005). "Enhanced expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL)". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93 (4): 411–6. PMID 11985791. 
• Fujiwara H, Arima N, Ohtsubo H et al. (2002). "Clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with adult T-cell leukemia". Am. J. Hematol. 71 (2): 80–4. doi:10.1002/ajh.10190. PMID 12353304. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. 
• Rodríguez-Núñez A, Cid E, Rodríguez-García J et al. (2003). "Neuron-specific enolase, nucleotides, nucleosides, purine bases, oxypurines and uric acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis". Brain Dev. 25 (2): 102–6. doi:10.1016/S0387-7604(02)00160-2. PMID 12581805. 
• Muley T, Ebert W, Stieber P et al. (2003). "Technical performance and diagnostic utility of the new Elecsys neuron-specific enolase enzyme immunoassay". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 41 (1): 95–103. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2003.017. PMID 12636057. 

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 低酸素性虚血性脳障害：評価および予後 hypoxic ischemic brain injury evaluation and prognosis
• 2. 小細胞肺癌の病理および病期分類 pathobiology and staging of small cell carcinoma of the lung
• 3. 気管支カルチノイド腫瘍：疫学、危険因子、分類、組織学的検査、診断、および病期分類 bronchial carcinoid tumors epidemiology risk factors classification histology diagnosis and staging
• 4. クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 creutzfeldt jakob disease
• 5. 神経芽腫の疫学、病因、および病理 epidemiology pathogenesis and pathology of neuroblastoma

English Journal

• Transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of focal cerebral ischemia.

• Li F, Miao ZN, Xu YY, Zheng SY, Qin MD, Gu YZ, Zhang XG.SourceInstitute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cells, Suzhou 215007, P.R. China.
• Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Report.2012 Sep;6(3):625-30. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.968. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
• Cerebrovascular injury is one of the three major causes of death and is the leading cause of adult disability. Despite the increasing progress in emergency treatment and early rehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular injury, treatment options for neurologic
• PMID 22752192

• Expression of the Parkinson's disease protein DJ-1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells.

• Li S, Sun Y, Zhao X, Pu XP.AbstractDJ-1 is a key neuroprotective factor and its loss-of-function mutations cause an autosomal recessive, early-onset form of familial Parkinson's disease at the chromosomal PARK7 locus. However, the expression of DJ-1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression of DJ-1 quantitatively using fluorescence immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry for differentiated neural stem cells from the cortex of the 14-day mouse embryos. We found that DJ-1 was co-expressed with the neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic proteins, and also its expression was significantly increased in neurons and astrocytes with a prolonged differentiation period. These findings strongly suggest that DJ-1 is closely associated with the differentiation of neural stem cells.
• Brain research.Brain Res.2012 Aug 15;1468:84-93. Epub 2012 May 19.
• DJ-1 is a key neuroprotective factor and its loss-of-function mutations cause an autosomal recessive, early-onset form of familial Parkinson's disease at the chromosomal PARK7 locus. However, the expression of DJ-1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells has not been fully elucidated. In thi
• PMID 22613231

Japanese Journal

• New insights into the pathogenesis of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

• VASILJEVIC Brankica,MAGLAJLIC-DJUKIC Svjetlana,GOJNIC Miroslava,STANKOVIC Sanja,IGNJATOVIC Svetlana,LUTOVAC Dragana
• Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 53(4), 454-462, 2011-08-01
• NAID 10029558748

• 副腎癌との鑑別が困難だった後腹膜Ewing肉腫の1例

• 佐藤 真彦,宮里 実,山田 成幸 [他]
• 泌尿器科紀要 57(6), 303-307, 2011-06
• … Immunostaining technique showed highly positive CD-99 and neuron specific enolase (NSE). …
• NAID 40018861642

Related Links

• NSE（Neuron Specific Enolase）抗体｜タカラバイオ株式会社

解糖系の酵素であるエノラーゼはα,β,γの3種類のサブユニットの組合せから成る二量体構造で構成されている。このうちαγおよびγγ型のエノラーゼは主に神経細胞や軸索突起に存在するため、神経特異エノラーゼ（Neuron Specific Enolase ...

• Neuron Specific Enolase - 開業支援集団Ring メルマガ配信

NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE Hyperacute ischemic attacks, only neuron-specific information including. Advanced pnet treated with immunocytochemical expression. Neurological outcome after dai dominant enolase-isoenzyme ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「104I068」
リンク元	「カルチノイド」「神経特異エノラーゼ」「phosphopyruvate hydratase」
関連記事	「specific」「neuro」「enolase」

「104I068」

　　[★]

• 25歳の男性。職場の健康診断で胸部エックス線写真の異常を指摘され来院した。最近、目のかすみを自覚している。喫煙歴はない。胸部エックス線写真(別冊No. 20)を別に示す。
• この疾患の診断に有用な検査項目はどれか。

• a　ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
• b　NSE neuron-specific enolase
• c　ANCA
• d　リンパ球刺激試験
• e　インターフェロンγ試験

[正答]

A

※国試ナビ4※　［104I067］←［国試_104］→［104I069］

「カルチノイド」

　　[★]

英

carcinoid

同

カルチノイド腫瘍 carcinoid tumor

好銀性細胞腫 argyrophil cell tumor

関

カルチノイド症候群、消化管カルチノイド

概念

• 気管支や消化管に発生し、原腸系臓器に広く分布する内分泌系細胞腫瘍の低異型度腫瘍。消化管に発生したものは特に消化管カルチノイドという(YN.A-75)

• 腫瘍。神経内胚葉系の腸クロム親和細胞に由来。形態的に癌に類似するが、悪性度は低い。発育は緩慢。転移はしうる。
• chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolaseを含む
• 生理活性物質を産生しうる　→　カルチノイド症候群

• ヒスタミン、セロトニン、カテコールアミン、プロスタグランジン、カリクレイン、ACTH

疫学

• 欧米では小腸腫瘍の中で悪性腫瘍に次いで2番目に多いが、日本では非常にまれ。

分類

部位

• 甲状腺腫性カルチノイド
• 胸腺カルチノイド
• 気管支カルチノイド
• 肺カルチノイド

• 消化管カルチノイド

• 胃カルチノイド
• 小腸カルチノイド
• 大腸カルチノイド
• 虫垂カルチノイド
• 直腸カルチノイド

• 副腎カルチノイド

発生部位

• 発生部位：消化管(虫垂、大腸、小腸、直腸、胃)および肺、気管支

• 直腸が最多 (YN.A-75)
• 肺：発生母地(気管支腺、細気管支上皮内に存在するKultchitzky細胞)。神経内分泌顆粒を有する。(NSU.344)

病理

• 粘膜下腫瘍と同様の所見を呈することが多い。　　ちなみにGISTは粘膜下腫瘍
• つまり辺縁はなだらかである。

• 細胞の配列：索状、リボン状。時にロゼット様
• 核：小型、円形で中心に存在し、分裂像は少ない

予後

• 予後(5年生存率)：虫垂のカルチノイドを除いて90%。小腸原発のカルチノイドで肝臓に転移があっても50% (BPT.627)

消化管 (BPT.626)

疫学

• The peak incidence of these neoplasms is in the sixth decade.(BPT.626)
• 直腸結腸癌の2%以下。小腸の悪性腫瘍の半分を占める
• 転移：虫垂と直腸のカルチノイドは転移しにくい。90%の胃、空腸、結腸のカルチノイドは

直腸

疫学(NSU.590)

• 消化器系のカルチノイドのうち最多(36%)。
• 40-50歳代に多い。
• 男：女=1.4:1

国試

• 101G027
• 097D026

「神経特異エノラーゼ」

　　[★]

英

neuron-specific enolase, NSE

同

神経特異的エノラーゼ、ホスホピルビン酸ヒドラターゼ

関

エノラーゼ

[show details]

神経特異エノラーゼ : 約 13,500 件
神経特異性エノラーゼ : 約 45 件
神経特異的エノラーゼ : 98 件

一般的に疑われる疾患

• 神経芽細胞腫 neuroblastoma
• 小細胞癌

判定

検査値の本より

10ng/ml以上(増加)

• [高頻度]神経芽細胞腫、肺小細胞癌(特に、燕麦細胞癌)
• [可能性]非小細胞肺癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、食道癌、胃癌、膵癌、大腸癌、甲状腺髄様癌、褐色細胞腫、ガストリノーマ、インスリノーマ、カルチノイド、中枢神経系の炎症、血管障害、肝炎、肝硬変

「phosphopyruvate hydratase」

　　[★]

ホスホピルビン酸ヒドラターゼ

関

enolase、neuron-specific enolase

「specific」

　　[★]

• adj.

• (～に関して)明確な、はっきりとした(exact precise)、具体的な(in, about)
• (比較)(限定)特定の(particular)、一定の(⇔general)
• (～に)特有の、独特の(to)
• (比較)(医学)(～に)渡航のある(for)。特殊な
• (生物)(生物)種の
• 医学)特異の
• (物理)比の。物質固有の。単位質量・長さ・面積・容積で

n.

関

specifically、specificity

　 　 　 　 　 　

「neuro」

　　[★]

• comb form.

• ニューロ、神経

関

nerve、nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuron

「enolase」

　　[★]

エノラーゼ

関

neuron-specific enolase、phosphopyruvate hydratase