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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/12/03 20:37:43」(JST)

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Myokymia (from the Greek -mŷs – "muscle," + kŷm, -kŷmia – "something swollen" or -kŷmos – "wave"), french, tic facial,^[1] is an involuntary, spontaneous, localised quivering of a few muscles, or bundles within a muscle, but which are insufficient to move a joint. One type is superior oblique myokymia.

Myokymia is commonly used to describe an involuntary eyelid muscle contraction, typically involving the lower eyelid or less often the upper eyelid. It occurs in normal individuals and typically starts and disappears spontaneously. However, it can sometimes last up to three weeks. Since the condition typically resolves itself, medical professionals do not consider it to be serious or a cause for concern.

In contrast, facial myokymia is a fine rippling of muscles on one side of the face and may reflect an underlying tumor in the brainstem (typically a brainstem glioma), loss of myelin in the brainstem (associated with multiple sclerosis) or in the recovery stage of Guillain–Barré syndrome, an inflammatory polyneuropathy that may affect the facial nerve.^{[citation needed]}

Myokymia in otherwise unrelated body parts may occur in neuromyotonia.

Causes

Frequent contributing factors include: too much caffeine,^[2] high levels of anxiety, fatigue, dehydration, stress, overwork, and a lack of sleep. Use of certain drugs or alcohol may also be factors.^[3] Magnesium deficiency. It can be also seen in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Treatment

Many doctors commonly recommend a combined treatment of: a warm compress applied to the eyes (to relieve muscle tension, relax the muscles, and reduce swelling); a small dosage of antihistamine (to reduce any swelling that may be caused by an allergic reaction); increase bed rest (to allow muscles to rest); decrease exposure to computer screens, televisions, or harsh lighting (to allow muscles to rest); and monitor caffeine intake (too much caffeine can cause an adverse reaction such as eye twitching, but a controlled dose can serve as an effective treatment by increasing blood flow).

References

^ Facta 2001, part 4, page 113, finnish
^ Walton, C.; Kalmar, J. M; Cafarelli, E (18 October 2002). "Effect of caffeine on self-sustained firing in human motor units". The Journal of Physiology. 545 (2): 671–679. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.025064. PMC 2290683.
^ "EyeTwitching.net Myokymia Causes". 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-22.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 筋電図検査の概要overview of electromyography [show details]
…oculi or oris muscles (eyelid myokymia). Focal myokymic discharges occur in facial muscles when the facial nerve or its nucleus is affected. Segmental myokymic discharges can occur in radiculopathies, …
2. 成人に現れる多発性硬化症の症状と徴候manifestations of multiple sclerosis in adults [show details]
…common finding in MS. Trigeminal neuralgia in a young adult may be an early sign of MS. Facial myokymia, a fine undulating wave-like facial twitching, and hemifacial spasm also can be due to MS, but other…
3. 腕神経叢症候群brachial plexus syndromes [show details]
…fasciculations on electrodiagnostic testing. Myokymic discharges add further support to the diagnosis, since these are rarely found in other conditions. However, myokymic discharges are not a universal feature of radiation-induced…
4. 遺伝性運動失調の概要overview of the hereditary ataxias [show details]
…titubation, nystagmus, or tremor lasting for only a few minutes . These spells, often accompanied by myokymia (rippling of muscles), can be induced by triggers that include physical activity or exercise, stress …
5. 腰仙部神経叢症候群lumbosacral plexus syndromes [show details]
…show increased uptake of FDG . Approximately one-half of patients with radiation plexopathy have myokymia by EMG. This finding can help distinguish radiation plexopathy from recurrent tumor invasion in…

English Journal

Treatment of facial myokymia in multiple sclerosis with botulinum toxin.

Habek M, Adamec I, Gabelić T, Brinar VV.SourceReferral Center for Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System, University Department of Neurology, Zagreb School of Medicine and University Hospital Center, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia, mhabek@mef.hr.
Acta neurologica Belgica.Acta Neurol Belg.2012 Dec;112(4):423-4. doi: 10.1007/s13760-012-0092-3. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
PMID 22669610

Eyelid myokymia in an older subject after repetitive sessions of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation.

Wessel M, Zimerman M, Timmermann JE, Hummel FC.SourceBrain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Lab, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Brain stimulation.Brain Stimul.2012 Nov 2. pii: S1935-861X(12)00156-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.09.002. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 23137701