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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/19 22:19:34」(JST)

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Etidronic acid (INN) or 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) is a bisphosphonate used in detergents, water treatment, cosmetics and pharmaceutical treatment.

An etidronate is a salt of etidronic acid, abbeviated M_nHEDP (M: is a cation, n: number of M maximum 4).

Chelating Agent and Anti-oxidant

Etidronic acid is a chelating agent and may be added to bind or, to some extent, counter the effects of substances, such as calcium, iron or other metal ions, which may be discharged as a component of grey wastewater and could conceivably contaminate groundwater supplies. As a phosphonate it has corrosion inhibiting properties on unnalloyed steel. Etidronic acid also acts to retard rancidification and oxidation of fatty acids.

HEDP and its salts are added to detergents and other cleaning agents to prevent the effects of hard water. It is also used in peroxide bleaching to prevent degradation of peroxides by transition metals.

Etidronic acid is listed as an ingredient of several cosmetic formulations where it is used for suppressing radical formation, emulsion stabilser and viscosity control. While etidronic acid has not been limited from inclusion in cosmetics and does have legitimate uses, it is recommended that, as with most cosmetic products (particularly soaps), the product should be thoroughly rinsed from the skin after use.

Etidronic acid is also included among swimming pool chemicals. It is used as a stain inhibitor to prevent metal ions coming out of solution and staining the sides of swimming pools.

Use

Pharmaceutical

Etidronic acid (trade name Didronel) is a bisphosphonate used to strengthen bone, treat osteoporosis, and treat Paget's disease of bone.

Bisphosphonates primarily reduce osteoclastic activity, which prevents bone resorption, and thus moves the bone resorption/formation equilibrium toward the formation side and hence makes bone stronger on the long run. Etidronate, unlike other bisphosphonates, also prevents bone calcification. For this reason, other bisphosphonates, like alendronate, are preferred when fighting osteoporosis. To prevent bone resorption without affecting too much bone calcification, etidronate must be administered only for a short time once in a while, for example for two weeks every 3 months. When given on a continuous basis, say every day, etidronate will altogether prevent bone calcification. This effect may be useful and etidronate is in fact used this way to fight heterotopic ossification. But in the long run, if used on a continuous basis, it will cause osteomalacia.

Chemical

Main article: Corrosion inhibitor

HEDP is used as scale and corrosion inhibition in circulating cool water system, oil field and low-pressure boilers in fields such as electric power, chemical industry, metallurgy, fertilizer, etc. In light woven industry, HEDP is used as detergent for metal and nonmetal. In dyeing industry, HEDP is used as peroxide stabilizer and dye-fixing agent; In non-cyanide electroplating, HEDP is used as chelating agent. The dosage of 1–10 mg/L is preferred as scale inhibitor, 10–50 mg/L as corrosion inhibitor, and 1000–2000 mg/L as detergent. Usually, HEDP is used together with polycarboxylic acid.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 閉経後女性における骨粗鬆症に対するビスホスホネート投与 the use of bisphosphonates in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
2. 骨パジェット病の治療 treatment of paget disease of bone
3. 高カルシウム血症の治療 treatment of hypercalcemia
4. ステロイド誘発性骨粗鬆症の予防および治療 prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis
5. 脊髄損傷の慢性合併症 chronic complications of spinal cord injury

English Journal

Investigating the use of coupling agents to improve the interfacial properties between a resorbable phosphate glass and polylactic acid matrix.

Hasan MS, Ahmed I, Parsons AJ, Rudd CD, Walker GS, Scotchford CA.SourceDivision of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK.
Journal of biomaterials applications.J Biomater Appl.2012 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Eight different chemicals were investigated as potential candidate coupling agents for phosphate glass fibre reinforced polylactic acid composites. Evidence of reaction of the coupling agents with phosphate glass and their effect on surface wettability and glass degradation were studied along with t
PMID 22781920

Pharmacovigilance of Oral Bisphosphonates: Adverse Effects Manifesting in the Soft Tissue of the Oral Cavity.

Kharazmi M, Persson U, Warfvinge G.SourceSenior House Officer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2012 May 18. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: It is well known that oral bisphosphonates can induce necrosis of the osseous structures of the jaws. However, there seems to be a limited awareness that oral bisphosphonates can also induce adverse effects in the soft tissues of the oral cavity, as indicated by the paucity of reported case
PMID 22609135

Japanese Journal

ヒトアルカリ性ホスファターゼ・アイソザイムの阻害剤に対する感受性の相違

飯岡拓馬,出山義昭,吉村善隆,鈴木邦明
北海道歯学雑誌 32(2), 202-209, 2012-03
… 骨型と肝臓型は最大で90％以上阻害され，小腸型の阻害は50～70％であった．ビスホスホネートであるetidronate存在下でも胎盤型はほとんど阻害されず，肝臓型は濃度依存的に90％阻害された．一方，etidronateに対して小腸型は骨型に比べてより低濃度で阻害された．Etidronateを除いて，アイソザイムのタイプによって阻害剤に対する反応性は異なる傾向を示した．ALPはホモダイマ …
NAID 120003918967

Bisphosphonates による炎症性副作用の機序・予防・治療

船山ひろみ
小児歯科学雑誌 48(4), 495-504, 2010-09-25
NAID 10027490234

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ビスホスフォネート」「エチドロン酸」「etidronic acid」「エチドロネート」
拡張検索	「etidronate disodium」

「ビスホスフォネート」

Etidronic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(1-hydroxyethan-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid)
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Licence data	US FDA:link
Pregnancy cat.	C (US)
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Oral, intravenous
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	3%
Metabolism	Nil
Half-life	1 to 6 hours
Excretion	Renal and fecal
Identifiers
CAS number	2809-21-4
ATC code	M05BA01 M05BB01
PubChem	CID 3305
DrugBank	DB01077
ChemSpider	3189
UNII	M2F465ROXU
KEGG	D02373
ChEBI	CHEBI:4907
ChEMBL	CHEMBL871
Chemical data
Formula	C2H8O7P2
Mol. mass	206.028 g/mol
	SMILES O=P(O)(O)C(O)(C)P(=O)(O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C2H8O7P2/c1-2(3,10(4,5)6)11(7,8)9/h3H,1H3,(H2,4,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) ; Key:DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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