zygomatic bone

頬骨

WordNet

1. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
2. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
3. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
4. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
5. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
6. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
7. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
8. a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals
9. of or relating to the cheek region of the face

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
2. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/08 15:26:56」(JST)

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Bone: Zygomatic bone
Left zygomatic bone in situ.
Side view of the teeth and jaws. (Zygomatic visible in center.)
Latin	os zygomaticum, zygoma
Gray's	subject #40 164

In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossa. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders.

Etymology

The term zygomatic derives from the Greek Ζυγόμα zygoma meaning "yoke". The zygomatic bone is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term may also refer to the zygomatic arch or the zygomatic process.

Human anatomy

Surfaces

The malar surface is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus.

The temporal surface, directed posteriorly and medially, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla (articular surface), and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve.

Process

Main article: Zygomatic process

The zygomatic process is a protrusion from the rest of the skull, like the bumper of a car. Most of it belongs to the zygomatic bone, but there are other bones contributing to it too, namely the frontal bone, maxilla and temporal bone.

Borders

The antero-superior or orbital border is smooth, concave, and forms a considerable part of the circumference of the orbit.

The antero-inferior or maxillary border is rough, and bevelled at the expense of its inner table, to articulate with the maxilla; near the orbital margin it gives origin to the Quadratus labii superioris.

The postero-superior or temporal border, curved like an italic letter f, is continuous above with the commencement of the temporal line, and below with the upper border of the zygomatic arch; the temporal fascia is attached to it.

The postero-inferior or zygomatic border affords attachment by its rough edge to the Masseter.

Ossification

The zygomatic bone is generally described as ossifying from three centers — one for the malar and two for the orbital portion; these appear about the eighth week and fuse about the fifth month of fetal life.

Mall describes it as being ossified from one center which appears just beneath and to the lateral side of the orbit.

After birth, the bone is sometimes divided by a horizontal suture into an upper larger, and a lower smaller division.

In some quadrumana the zygomatic bone consists of two parts, an orbital and a malar.

Articulations

The zygomatic articulates with four bones: the frontal, sphenoidal, temporal, and maxilla.

Additional images

Zygomatic bone  Facial bones.  Left zygomatic bone. Malar surface.  Left zygomatic bone. Temporal surface.  Side view of the skull.  Left infratemporal fossa.  The skull from the front.  Horizontal section of nasal and orbital cavities.  Left orbicularis oculi, seen from behind.  Human skull side bones numbered  Zygomatic bone  Zygomatic, maxilla and temporal bones  Superior viscerocranium  Inferior viscerocranium  Zygomatic bone  Zygomatic bone  Zygomatic bone  Zygomatic bone  Zygomatic bone  Cephalic extremity.Original mummification.  Cephalic extremity.Original mummification.

In other animals

This jugal bone from an Edmontosaurus is over three feet (1 meter) long

Diagram showing homologous bones of the skulls of a Monitor lizard and a Crocodile. Jugal bone labelled Ju, in pale green, at centre left.

In non-mammalian vertebrates, the zygomatic bone is referred to as the jugal bone, since these animals have no zygomatic arch. It is found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. It is connected to the quadratojugal and maxilla, as well as other bones, which may vary by species.

This bone is considered key in the determination of general traits of the skull, as in the case of creatures, such as dinosaurs in paleontology, whose entire skull has not been found. In coelacanths and early tetrapods the bone is relatively large. Here, it is a plate-like bone forming the lower margin of the orbit and much of the side of the face. In ray-finned fishes it is reduced or absent, and the entire cheek region is generally small. The bone is also absent in living amphibians.

With the exception of turtles, the jugal bone in reptiles forms a relatively narrow bar separating the orbit from the inferior temporal fenestra, of which it may also form the lower boundary. The bone is similarly reduced in birds. In mammals, it takes on broadly the form seen in humans, with the bar between the orbit and fenestra vanishing entirely, and only the lower boundary of the fenestra remaining, as the zygomatic arch.

See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Zygomatic complex fracture
• Treacher Collins Syndrome

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34256.000-1

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Successful management of recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma in the deep infratemporal fossa by maxillo-orbito-zygomatic approach.

• Hongo T, Fukushima J, Uchida Y, Rikimaru F, Toh S, Higaki Y, Masuda M.
• Auris, nasus, larynx. 2019 Dec;46(6)921-926.
• In the case of deep invasion of an infratemporal fossa (ITF) tumor, surgeons find it difficult to gain sufficient visualization and working space by conventional surgical approaches. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel surgical technique, maxillo-orbito-zygomatic (MOZ) approach,
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• An average three-dimensional virtual human skull for a template-assisted maxillofacial surgery.

• Badiali G, Marcelli E, Bortolani B, Marchetti C, Cercenelli L.
• The International journal of artificial organs. 2019 Oct;42(10)566-574.
• Although many advances have been made in three-dimensional virtual planning in maxillofacial surgery, facial harmony is still difficult to achieve and is heavily dependent on the surgeon's experience. The aim of the study is to present a method to build up an average three-dimensional virtual human
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• Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face: A subtype of hemifacial hyperplasia.

• Sun R, Sun L, Li G, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Ma X, Sun C.
• International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. 2019 Oct;125()107-112.
• To investigate the clinical, imaging and pathological features of congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face (CILF) and to discuss whether it is a subtype of hemifacial hyperplasia (HH). Sixteen patients diagnosed with CILF were included in this study. All patients had undergone panoramic radio
• PMID 31280031

Japanese Journal

• Orbital Floor Reconstruction Using a Dynamic Titanium Mesh Following a Total Maxillectomy

• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 151(0), 82-83, 2017
• NAID 130006235223

• 頰脂肪体を用いて再建を行った口腔癌の2症例

• 頭頸部外科 27(1), 37-43, 2017
• NAID 130005998631

• ダイナミックチタンメッシュを用いた上顎全摘後の眼窩底再建

• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 110(3), 203-211, 2017
• NAID 130005397791

Related Links

• Zygomatic Bone - Anatomy Pictures and Information

The zygomatic bone is one of two bones (sometimes called malar bones) that are responsible for the prominences of the cheeks below and to the sides of the eyes. These bones also help form the lateral walls and floors ...

• zygomatic bone | anatomy | Britannica.com

Zygomatic bone, also called cheekbone, or malar bone, diamond-shaped bone below and lateral to the orbit, or eye socket, at the widest part of the cheek. It adjoins the frontal bone at the outer edge of the orbit and the sphenoid and ...

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zygomatic bone (M)

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os zygomaticum

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頭蓋

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cheek bone、jugal bone、malar bone、zygoma

　

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