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an asexual spore of some algae and fungi that moves by means of flagella

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/01 01:13:29」(JST)

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Heterokont zoospore of Saprolegnia with tinsel and whiplash flagella.

A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some protists, bacteria and fungi to propagate themselves.

Diversity

Flagella types

Zoospores may possess one or more distinct types of flagella: tinsel or "decorated", and whiplash, in various combinations.

Tinsellated (also known as straminipilous^[1]) flagella have lateral filaments known as mastigonemes perpendicular to the main axis which allow for more surface area, and disturbance of the medium, giving it the property of a rudder, that is, the purpose of being used for steering.
Whiplash flagella are straight, to power the zoospore through its medium. There is also the 'default' zoospore, which only has the propelling, 'whiplash' flagella.

Both tinsel and whiplash flagella beat in a sinusoidal wave pattern, but when both are present, the tinsel will beat in the opposite direction of the whiplash, to give 2 axes of control of motility.

Morphological types

Figure 1. Zoospore types. The arrow indicates direction of movement.

In eukaryotes there are four main types of zoospore,^[1] illustrated in Fig. 1 at right:

Opisthokont. Posterior whiplash flagella, a characteristic of Chytridiomycota, and a proposed a uniting trait of the Opisthokonts, a large clade of eukaryotes containing animals and fungi. In most of these, there is a single posterior flagellum (Fig. 1a), but in Neocallimastigales, there are up to 16 (Fig. 1b)
Anisokont. Biflagellate zoospores with two whip type flagella of unequal length (Fig. 1c). These are found in some Myxomycota and Plasmodiophoromycota.
Zoospores with a single anterior flagellum (Fig. 1d) of the tinsel type, characteristic of Hyphochytriomycetes.
Heterokont. Biflagellate zoospores (Fig. 1e, f) with both whiplash and tinsel type flagella attached anteriorly or laterally. These Zoospores are characteristic of Oomycota and other Heterokonts.

Zoosporangium

A zoosporangium is the asexual structure (sporangium) in which the zoospores develop in plants, fungi, or protists (such as the Oomycota)

References

^ ^a ^b Webster, John; Weber, Roland (2007). Introduction to Fungi (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–24. ISBN 9780521014830.

C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5

English Journal

Pythium Insidiosum Keratitis: Histopathology and Rapid Novel Diagnostic Staining Technique.

Mittal R1, Jena SK, Desai A, Agarwal S.
Cornea.Cornea.2017 Sep;36(9):1124-1132. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000001244.
PMID 28582375

Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Molecular Phylogeny of Rozella multimorpha, a New Species in Cryptomycota.

Letcher PM1, Longcore JE2, James TY3, Leite DS4, Simmons DR3, Powell MJ1.
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.J Eukaryot Microbiol.2017 Jul 27. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12452. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28749611

Resistance to the crayfish plague, Aphanomyces astaci (Oomycota) in the endangered freshwater crayfish species, Austropotamobius pallipes.

Martín-Torrijos L1, Campos Llach M2, Pou-Rovira Q2, Diéguez-Uribeondo J1.
PloS one.PLoS One.2017 Jul 27;12(7):e0181226. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181226. eCollection 2017.
PMID 28750039

Japanese Journal

Life Cycle and Lectin-Binding Patterns in the Chytrid Fungus Chytriomyces hyalinus

,
CYTOLOGIA 80(1), 125-129, 2015
… The lectin binding assay showed that the signal of wheat germ agglutinin was detected in the chytrid cell wall and basal part of the rhizoidal system, but not in the zoospore and rhizoid system. …
NAID 130004801672

Seasonal development of five Cephaleuros species (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta) on the leaves of woody plants and the behaviors of their gametes and zoospores

Suto Yasuo,Ohtani Shuji
Phycological research 61(2), 105-115, 2013-04
NAID 40019640051

Effects of different classes of attractants, cochliophilin A and N-(E)-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine, on the response of Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores in their chemoattraction and activation of motility linked with intracellular cAMP