whirlpool

　 　

WordNet

1. a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides) (同)vortex, maelstrom

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (水流の)渦,渦巻き(eddy)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/14 16:56:13」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

ワールプール（Whirlpool）は英語で「渦、渦巻き」のこと。

• ワールプール - 東京ディズニーシーのアトラクションの一つ。
• ワールプール・コーポレーション
• Whirlpool (ゲームブランド) - 日本のアダルトゲームブランド。
• Whirlpool (ハッシュ関数) - 暗号学的ハッシュ関数。

関連項目

• うずしお

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wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the water movement. For other uses, see Whirlpool (disambiguation).

A whirlpool in a glass of water

The Niagara Whirlpool

A small whirlpool in Tionesta Creek in the Allegheny National Forest

Whirlpool in a small pond

A whirlpool is a swirling body of water produced by the meeting of opposing currents. The vast majority of whirlpools are not very powerful. More powerful ones may be termed maelstroms. Vortex is the proper term for any whirlpool that has a downdraft. Whirlpools in oceans are usually caused by tides. Very small whirlpools can easily be seen when a bath or a sink is draining, but these are produced in a very different manner from those in nature. Smaller whirlpools also appear at the base of many waterfalls. In the case of powerful waterfalls, like Niagara Falls, these whirlpools can be quite strong. The most powerful whirlpools are created in narrow, shallow straits with fast flowing water.

Notable whirlpools

Some of the most notable whirlpools in the world are the Saltstraumen in Norway, which reaches speeds of 37 km/h (23 mph); the Moskstraumen also in Norway (the original maelstrom), which reaches speeds of 27.8 km/h (17.3 mph); the Old Sow in Canada, which has been measured with a speed of up to 27.6 km/h (17.1 mph); the Naruto whirlpools in Japan, which have a speed of 20 km/h (12 mph); and the Corryvreckan in Scotland, which reaches speeds of 18 km/h (11 mph).

Powerful whirlpools have killed unlucky seafarers, but their power tends to be exaggerated by laymen. There are virtually no stories of large ships ever being sucked into a whirlpool. Tales like those by Paul the Deacon, Edgar Allan Poe, and Jules Verne are entirely fictional.

There was a short-lived whirlpool that sucked in a portion of Lake Peigneur in Louisiana, United States after a drilling mishap in 1980. This was not a naturally-occurring whirlpool, but a man-made disaster caused by breaking through the roof of a salt mine. The lake then behaved like a gigantic bathtub being drained, until the mine filled and the water levels equalized.

A more recent example of a man-made whirlpool that received significant media coverage was in early June 2015, when an intake vortex formed in Lake Texoma, on the Oklahoma–Texas border, near the floodgates of the dam that forms the lake. At the time of the whirlpool's formation, the lake was being drained after reaching its highest level ever. The Army Corps of Engineers, which operates the dam and lake, expected that the whirlpool would last until the lake reached normal seasonal levels by late July.

Dangers

Rarely, whirlpools can have the dangerous effect of destroying boats. In the 8th century, Paul the Deacon, who had lived among the Belgii, described tidal bores and the maelstrom for a Mediterranean audience unused to such violent tidal surges:

"Not very far from this shore … toward the western side, on which the ocean main lies open without end, is that very deep whirlpool of waters which we call by its familiar name "the navel of the sea." This is said to suck in the waves and spew them forth again twice every day. … They say there is another whirlpool of this kind between the island of Britain and the province of Galicia, and with this fact the coasts of the Seine region and of Aquitaine agree, for they are filled twice a day with such sudden inundations that any one who may by chance be found only a little inward from the shore can hardly get away. I have heard a certain high nobleman of the Gauls relating that a number of ships, shattered at first by a tempest, were afterwards devoured by this same Charybdis. And when one only out of all the men who had been in these ships, still breathing, swam over the waves, while the rest were dying, he came, swept by the force of the receding waters, up to the edge of that most frightful abyss. And when now he beheld yawning before him the deep chaos whose end he could not see, and half dead from very fear, expected to be hurled into it, suddenly in a way that he could not have hoped he was cast upon a certain rock and sat him down." Paul the Deacon, History of the Lombards, i.6

In "Vingt mille lieues sous les mers" (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea), first published in 1869–1870 in the magazine Magasin d'Éducation et de Récréation, Jules Verne (1828–1905) wrote:

«Maelstrom! Maelstrom!» s'écriait-il! Le Maelstrom! Un nom plus effrayant dans une situation plus effrayante pouvait-il retentir à notre oreille?

Which translates "'Maelstrom! Maelstrom!' he exclaimed! The Maelstrom! Could a more horrifying name in a more frightening situation blare in our ear?"

See also

• Coriolis effect
• Eddy (fluid dynamics)

References

Bibliography

• Baron PA, Willeke K (1986) Respirable droplets from whirlpools: measurements of size distribution and estimation of disease potential. Environ Res 39, 8-18.

External links

• Research articles on whirlpools and related topics by Hubert Chanson, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

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• Laganà P1, Gambuzza ME2, Delia S3.
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• Experimental demonstration of square Fresnel zone plate with chiral side lobes.

• Vijayakumar A, Vinoth B, Minin IV, Rosen J, Minin OV, Cheng CJ.
• Applied optics.Appl Opt.2017 May 1;56(13):F128-F133. doi: 10.1364/AO.56.00F128.
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• The Effect of Therapeutic Whirlpool and Hot Packs on Hand Volume During Rehabilitation After Distal Radius Fracture: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

• Szekeres M1,2, MacDermid JC1,2, Birmingham T1, Grewal R1,2, Lalone E2.
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Japanese Journal

• The effects of whirlpool bath and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on complex regional pain syndrome

• Devrimsel Gul,Turkyilmaz Aysegul Kucukali,Yildirim Murat,Beyazal Munevver Serdaroglu
• Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27(1), 27-30, 2015
• … [Purpose] The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of whirlpool bath and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on complex regional pain syndrome. …
• NAID 130004835061

• 映像資料プログラム アリ地獄のような街 (小畑精和教授追悼号) -- (映像資料活用による学際的アプローチの醸成プログラム)

• 鳥居 高,佐伯 良介
• いすみあ : 明治大学大学院教養デザイン研究科紀要 6, 132-135, 2014-03
• NAID 40020055991

• 地域生活をおくる精神障害者の自己概念の変容プロセス:自尊心回復グループ認知行動看護療法プログラム参加者へのインタビューから

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• 日本看護科学会誌 34(1), 263-271, 2014
• 本研究は，自尊心回復グループ認知行動看護療法プログラムに参加した地域で生活する精神障害者の自己概念の変容過程を明らかにした．対象はプログラム参加者10名であり，半構造面接により過去，現在，未来の流れで自己概念を尋ね，逐語録をM-GTAにより質的帰納的に分析した．その結果，《自己の殻からの心の孵化》をコアカテゴリーとする8カテゴリーが抽出された．発症後に知覚されていた【渦の中での停まり】【価値のない …
• NAID 130004896115

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