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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2020/05/09 23:57:31」(JST)

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A U.S. Navy technician checking the wet-bulb globe temperature at the Corry Station Naval Technical Training Center, Florida

The wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a type of apparent temperature used to estimate the effect of temperature, humidity, wind speed (wind chill), and visible and infrared radiation (usually sunlight) on humans. It is used by industrial hygienists, athletes, sporting events and the military to determine appropriate exposure levels to high temperatures. It is derived from the following formula:

\mathrm {WBGT} =0.7T_{\mathrm {w} }+0.2T_{\mathrm {g} }+0.1T_{\mathrm {d} }

where

T_w = Natural wet-bulb temperature (combined with dry-bulb temperature indicates humidity)
T_g = Globe thermometer temperature (measured with a globe thermometer, also known as a black globe thermometer)
T_d = Dry-bulb temperature (actual air temperature)
Temperatures may be in either Celsius or Fahrenheit

Indoors, or when solar radiation is negligible, the following formula is often used:^{[citation needed]}

\mathrm {WBGT} =0.7T_{\mathrm {w} }+0.3T_{\mathrm {g} }

Uses

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists publishes threshold limit values (TLVs) that have been adopted by many governments for use in the workplace. The process for determining the WBGT is also described in ISO 7243, Hot Environments - Estimation of the Heat Stress on Working Man, Based on the WBGT Index. The American College of Sports Medicine bases its guidelines on the intensity of sport practices based on WBGT.^[1]

In hot areas, some^[2] US military installations display a flag to indicate the heat category based on the WBGT. The military publishes guidelines for water intake and physical activity level for acclimated and unacclimated individuals in different uniforms based on the heat category. The University of Georgia adapted these categories for use in college sports as a guideline for how strenuous practices can be.^[3]

Category	WBGT (°F)	WBGT (°C)	Flag color
1	≤ 78–81.9	≤ 25.6–27.7	White
2	82–84.9	27.8–29.4	Green
3	85–87.9	29.5–31.0	Yellow
4	88–89.9	31.1–32.1	Red
5	≥ 90	≥ 32.2	Black

Related temperature comfort measures

The heat index used by the U.S. National Weather Service and the humidex used by the Meteorological Service of Canada, along with the wind chill used in both countries, are also measures of perceived heat or cold, but they do not account for the effects of radiation.

The "RealFeel" temperature is a measure offered by AccuWeather, a commercial weather forecasting company, to purportedly combine temperature and humidity plus radiation (presumably by approximation, since American weather observation systems do not measure solar radiation directly); the RealFeel formula is a proprietary trade secret.

References

^ "Deaths Triple Among Football Players, Morning Temperatures Thought to Play a Role". Science Daily. February 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
^ Army Technical Bulletin Medical 507 and Air Force Pamphlet 48-152(I) 7 March 2003
^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2019/08/14/wet-bulb-globe-temperature-is-great-for-heat-warningswhy-dont-we-use-it/#ecd5dcdf25ba

External links

Thermal Comfort observations from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology
Extreme Hot or Cold Temperature Conditions from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
OSHA Technical Manual: Heat Stress from the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Knowledge Portal WBGT

UpToDate Contents

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1. 青年や成人の労作性熱中症：疫学、体温調節、危険因子、および診断exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults epidemiology thermoregulation risk factors and diagnosis [show details]
…football players found the incidence of heat illness to be closely associated with rising wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and lack of heat acclimatization . A study of high school football players reported …
2. 小児における熱中症（熱射病を除く）heat illness other than heat stroke in children [show details]
…increased temperature (10 percent). Risk for heat stress can be identified using either the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) or the heat index . The WBGT takes into account all three weather factors when assessing…
3. 市民参加型スポーツイベントやスポーツ競技大会に向けた準備とマネージメントpreparation and management of mass participation endurance sporting events [show details]
…in the number of medical casualties during endurance races . In general, the higher the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT, an indicator of combined ambient temperature, radiant heat, and humidity), the greater …
4. 倒れたスポーツ選手の診断評価evaluation of the collapsed adult athlete [show details]
…cardiovascular disease, asthma, anaphylaxis, diabetes, or sickle cell trait (SCT) Event distance; Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) before and during the race; How long the athlete spent on the course before collapsing…
5. 青年や成人の労作性熱中症：管理および予防exertional heat illness in adolescents and adults management and prevention [show details]

English Journal

Risk of kidney stone among workers exposed to high occupational heat stress - A case study from southern Indian steel industry.

Venugopal V, Latha PK, Shanmugam R, Krishnamoorthy M, Srinivasan K, Perumal K, Chinnadurai JS.
The Science of the total environment. 2020 Jun;722()137619.
Predicted temperature rise is likely to increase the risks of development and progression of renal/urologic anomalies for workers engaged in physically exerting and high-heat occupations. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 340 steelworkers engaged in moderate to heavy labour with ≥3 year's
PMID 32197155

Risk factors for exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses in flat races in Japan (2005-2016).

Takahashi Y, Takahashi T.
Equine veterinary journal. 2020 May;52(3)364-368.
Exertional heat illness (EHI) is recognised in horses, but few reports have investigated its risk factors. To identify risk factors for EHI in racehorses participating in flat races in Japan. Descriptive epidemiology and retrospective unmatched case-control study. Between 2005 and 2016, veterinary r
PMID 31505059

Chainsaw operators' exposure to occupational risk factors and incidence of professional diseases specific to the forestry field.

Iftime MD, Dumitrascu AE, Ciobanu VD.
International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE. 2020 Apr;()1-12.
Array eq 2
PMID 32126935

Japanese Journal

Proposition of heat-stroke risk assessment based on potential effective sweating possible to measure with portable equipment and its application to the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic marathon event

TAKAYAMA Naru,BANDO Takahiro,KUWANA Tsuyoshi,TAMADA Takuya,ISHITSUBO Kento,OZAKI Yozo,TSURUTA Ken,OKADA Kohtaro,SHIBATA Yusuke,FUJIU Kazuki
農業気象 76(2), 69-80, 2020
… indicates the minimum effective sweating required to maintain a constant body temperature when undertaking an activity in the outdoor environment. … Additionally, we propose the concept of globe PES (PESg) and PESWBGT, which can be measured using portable equipment, such as a wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) meter. …
NAID 130007830234

Assessment of thermal exposure level among construction workers in UAE using WBGT, HSI and TWL indices

AHMED Hafiz Omer,BINDEKHAIN Jawahir Abdelaziz,ALSHUWEIHI Meera Ibrahim,YUNIS Mohamed Abdikarim,MATAR Nour Rashid
Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ 58(2), 170-181, 2020
… The study aimed to assess the heat stress of the construction workers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), using Wet Bulb Globe temperature (WBGT) index, whereas also computing Heat stress index (HSI), and Thermal Work Limit (TWL) for comparison. …
NAID 130007827199

局所環境での人工庇蔭および自然庇蔭における暑さ指数分布推定と検証

黒田章子,檀寛成,尾崎平,安室喜弘
第81回全国大会講演論文集 2019(1), 141-142, 2019-02-28
… 近年，地球温暖化や都市部のヒートアイランド現象などの影響により，各地で熱中症発症数が増加している．熱中症のリスクの指標となるWBGT(Wet Bulb Globe Temperature)は，気象庁より都市ごとに公開されているものの，市民の身近な生活環境の粒度での情報は得られない．本研究では，3次元CGを使ったWBGT推定法に基づき，緑陰や構造物による様々な庇蔭の効果を検 …
NAID 170000179461

「湿球黒球温度」

　　[★]

英: wet-bulb globe temperature, WBGT
関: 熱中症

「globe」

　　[★]

球、眼球、地球

関: ball、bulb、bulbar、earth、eyeball、globus、ocular、sphere

「bulb」

　　[★]

n.

球、(植物)鱗茎

関: ball、globe、globus、sphere、olfactory bulb

「wet」

　　[★]

濡れた、湿った

「temperature」

　　[★]

n.

温度

関: thermo

[1] "Deaths Triple Among Football Players, Morning Temperatures Thought to Play a Role". Science Daily. February 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-28.

[2] Army Technical Bulletin Medical 507 and Air Force Pamphlet 48-152(I) 7 March 2003

[3] ttps://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2019/08/14/wet-bulb-globe-temperature-is-great-for-heat-warningswhy-dont-we-use-it/#ecd5dcdf25ba

v t e Meteorological data and variables
General	Adiabatic processes Advection Buoyancy Lapse rate Lightning Surface solar radiation Surface weather analysis Visibility Vorticity Wind Wind shear
Condensation	Cloud Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) Fog Convective condensation level (CCL) Lifted condensation level (LCL) Precipitation Water vapor
Convection	Convective available potential energy (CAPE) Convective inhibition (CIN) Convective instability Convective momentum transport Conditional symmetric instability Convective temperature (T_c) Equilibrium level (EL) Free convective layer (FCL) Helicity K Index Level of free convection (LFC) Lifted index (LI) Maximum parcel level (MPL) Bulk Richardson number (BRN)
Temperature	Dew point (T_d) Dew point depression Dry-bulb temperature Equivalent temperature (T_e) Forest fire weather index Haines Index Heat index Humidex Humidity Relative humidity (RH) Mixing ratio Potential temperature (θ) Equivalent potential temperature (θ_e) Sea surface temperature (SST) Thermodynamic temperature Vapor pressure Virtual temperature Wet-bulb temperature Wet-bulb globe temperature Wet-bulb potential temperature Wind chill
Pressure	Atmospheric pressure Baroclinity Barotropicity Pressure gradient Pressure-gradient force (PGF)

リンク元	「湿球黒球温度」
関連記事	「globe」「bulb」「wet」「temperature」

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案内

wet-bulb globe temperature