warm up

　

WordNet

1. run until the normal working temperature is reached; "We warmed up the car for a few minutes"
2. exercising in preparation for strenuous activity (同)tune-up, prolusion
3. used up; "time is up"
4. raise; "up the ante"
5. extending or moving toward a higher place; "the up staircase"; "a general upward movement of fish" (同)upward
6. to a later time; "they moved the meeting date up"; "from childhood upward" (同)upwards, upward
7. spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position; "look up!"; "the music surged up"; "the fragments flew upwards"; "prices soared upwards"; "upwardly mobile" (同)upwards, upward, upwardly
8. (used of computers) operating properly; "how soon will the computers be up?"
9. (usually followed by `on or `for'
10. being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level; "the anchor is up"; "the sun is up"; "he lay face up"; "he is up by a pawn"; "the market is up"; "the corn is up"
11. nearer to the speaker; "he walked up and grabbed my lapels"
12. open; "the windows are up"
13. to a higher intensity; "he turned up the volume"
14. to a more central or a more northerly place; "was transferred up to headquarters"; "up to Canada for a vacation"
15. uncomfortable because of possible danger or trouble; "made things warm for the bookies"
16. get warm or warmer; "The soup warmed slowly on the stove" (同)warm_up
17. make warm or warmer; "The blanket will warm you"
18. (color) inducing the impression of warmth; used especially of reds and oranges and yellows; "warm reds and yellows and orange"
19. characterized by liveliness or excitement or disagreement; "a warm debate"
20. having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat; "a warm body"; "a warm room"; "a warm climate"; "a warm coat"
21. of a seeker; near to the object sought; "youre getting warm"; "hot on the trail"
22. psychologically warm; friendly and responsive; "a warm greeting"; "a warm personality"; "warm support"
23. make or wage war
24. a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply; "war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring" (同)state of war
25. an active struggle between competing entities; "a price war"; "a war of wits"; "diplomatic warfare" (同)warfare
26. the waging of armed conflict against an enemy; "thousands of people were killed in the war" (同)warfare
27. a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious; "the war on poverty"; "the war against crime"
28. (chiefly British) of or appropriate to the upper classes especially in language use
29. having been warmed up; "a cup of warmed milk"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 準備運動 / 《複数形で》保温用運動張
2. 《上への動作》『上へ』,上のほうへ / 《上の位置》『上に』,上のほうで / 『起こして』,立てて,直立して / (地図・紙面などの)『上へ(に)』,北のほうへ(に) / (遠くから)『近くへ,中心へ』;(周辺から)中心へ;(川下から)川上へ;(地方から)都会へ / (大きさ・量・価値・地位などが)『上のほうへ』,高く / (話者,話題の場所へ)『近づいて』,追いついて / 『活動して』,活動状態に / (物事・人が)現れて・起こって / 『すっかり』,完全に,終わって,…し尽くして / 保管(貯蔵)して;くるんだ(閉ざした)状態に / 《動詞を省略した命令文で》 / (野球・クリケットで)打席へ / (競技で)勝ち越して / (対抗の競技で)おのおの / 《移動・位置》『…の高いほうへ』,をのぼって;…の上のほうに / (川の)『上流へ』;(流れ・風)に逆らって;…の内陸(奥地)のほうへ / (自分が今いる所,またはある地点から前方へ)『…に沿って』 / 『上へ向かう』,(列車などが)上りの;上り坂の,(情勢などが)上向きの / 上り,上昇,上り坂 / 上昇気運,向上,幸運 / 上りの列車(バス・エレボーターなど) / 値上がり / …‘を'持ち上げる / …‘を'増大する,〈賃金・物価など〉‘を'引き上げる / 〈人〉‘を'昇進させる / 立ち上がる,起き上がる / 《and を伴って》急に(突然)…する
3. (気候が適度に)『暖かい』,温暖な / (飲み物などが適度に)『暖かい』,(衣服・場所などが)暖かく感じられる,(人が)暖まった,ほてる / 『心の暖かい』,思いやりのある;心からの,愛情のこもった / 熱した,激した,興奮した / (色が)暖かい,暖色(赤または黄を含む色)の / (獲物の遺臭・通った跡が)新しい,生々しい / 《話》(当て物ゲームなどで目的物に)近い,もう少しの / 『…‘を'暖める』,暖かくする《+up+名,+名+up》 / 〈人・心〉‘を'興奮させる,活気づける;〈人・心〉‘を'暖かい気持ちにする《+up+名,+名+up》 / 『暖まる』,暖かくなる《+up》 / 熱心になる,活気づく,興奮する《+up》 / (人・物に)優しくなる,好意を持つ《+to(toward)+名》 / 《a~》暖まること / 《the~》暖かい場所
4. 〈U〉『戦争』,戦争状態;交戦期間;〈C〉(個々の)戦争 / 〈U〉(ある特定の目的のための)『争い』,戦い,闘争;〈C〉(個々の)争い / (…と)戦争をする,戦う,争う《+with(against)+名》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/10 23:13:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about pre-exercise activity. For the video game, see Warm Up (video game). For the vocal exercises, see Vocal warm up. For the comedy act, see Warm-up comedian. For the opening act, see Opening act.

Warming up

Chang-Hwa Bank warm up to prevent injuries on October 22, 2006.

Warming-up is performed before a performance or practice. Athletes, singers, actors and others warm up before stressing their muscles. it prepares the muscles for vigorous actions

Exercise

Steven Gerrard warming up prior to a match in 2010.

A warm up generally consists of a gradual increase in intensity in physical activity (a "pulse raiser"), joint mobility exercise, and stretching, followed by the activity. Warming up brings the body to a condition at which it safely responds to nerve signals for quick and efficient action.

For example, before running or playing an intensive sport, the athlete might slowly jog to warm their muscles and increase their heart rate. It is important that warm ups be specific to the activity, so that the muscles to be used are activated. The risks and benefits of combining stretching with warming up are disputed, although it is generally believed that warming up prepares the athlete both mentally and physically. In a meta-study of 32 high quality studies, about 4/5ths of the studies showed improvements in performance.

Warm-up programs can improve the strength of the knee muscle, which, in turn, may decrease injuries.

A comprehensive warm-up program did not significantly decrease injuries in football compared to a control group.

Direct physical effects of warm ups are:

• Release of adrenaline
• Increased heart rate
• Enabling oxygen in the blood to travel with greater speed and at a higher volume
• Increased production of synovial fluid located between the joints to reduce friction
• Efficiency of joint
• Dilation of capillaries
• Increase of temperature in the muscles
• Decreased viscosity of blood
• Facilitation of enzyme activity
• Encouragement of the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin
• Decreased viscosity within the muscle
• Greater extensibility and elasticity of muscle fibres
• Increased force and speed of contraction
• Increase of muscle metabolism
• Supply of energy through breakdown of glycogen
• Increase in speed of nerve impulse conduction
• Removal of lactic acid
• Increased respiratory rate

Stretching

Main article: Stretching

A group of High School girls performing a ballistic stretch in a Physical Education session

Stretching is part of some warm up routines, although a study in 2013 indicates that it weakens muscles in that situation. There are 3 types of stretches: ballistic stretching, dynamic, and static stretching:

• Ballistic Stretches involve bouncing or jerking. It is purported to help extend limbs during exercise, promoting agility and flexibility. However, this type of stretching may also cause injury and is not generally recommended.
• Static Stretches involve flexing the muscles. This may help prevent injury and permit greater flexibility and agility. Note that static stretching for too long may weaken the muscles.
• Dynamic Stretching involves moving the body part in the desired way until reaching the full range of motion, to improve performance.

See also

• Cooling down

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 3. 投擲による上肢の傷害：治療、フォローアップ治療および予防 throwing injuries of the upper extremity treatment follow up care and prevention
• 4. 小児や青年の身体活動および筋力トレーニング：概要 physical activity and strength training in children and adolescents an overview
• 5. 自己免疫性溶血性貧血の病因：温暖凝集素と薬剤 pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia warm agglutinins and drugs

English Journal

• Exercise intolerance and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children.

• Minic PB1, Sovtic AD2.
• Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition).Front Biosci (Elite Ed).2017 Jan 1;9:21-32.
• Respiratory symptoms at rest or during exercise may restrain the physical capabilities required for normal motor and psychosocial development in children. The most frequent cause of exercise intolerance, apart from poor physical fitness, is exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), which may occur
• PMID 27814586

• Persistence in the longitudinal distribution of lotic insects in a changing climate: a tale of two rivers.

• Hildrew AG1, Durance I2, Statzner B3.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2017 Jan 1;574:1294-1304. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.212. Epub 2016 Oct 7.
• The longitudinal distribution of many taxa in rivers is influenced by temperature. Here we took advantage of two older datasets on net-spinning caddisflies (Hydropsychidae) from contrasting European rivers to assess changes in species occurrence and relative abundance along the river by resampling t
• PMID 27720599

• Comparison of 1800 Robotic and Open Partial Nephrectomies for Renal Tumors.

• Peyronnet B1, Seisen T2, Oger E3, Vaessen C2, Grassano Y4, Benoit T5, Carrouget J6, Pradère B7, Khene Z7, Giwerc A8, Mathieu R7, Beauval JB5, Nouhaud FX8, Bigot P6, Doumerc N5, Bernhard JC4, Mejean A9, Patard JJ10, Shariat S11, Roupret M2, Bensalah K7; French Comittee of Urologic Oncology (CCAFU).
• Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2016 Dec;23(13):4277-4283. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
• BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have compared the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN). This study aimed to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RPN and OPN.METHODS: The data of all patients who underwent partial nephrectomy from 2006 to 2014 in
• PMID 27411552

Japanese Journal

• 簡潔なレビュー : パワーと垂直跳びパフォーマンスの一時的向上をもたらす全身振動の活用

• Strength & conditioning journal : 日本ストレングス&コンディショニング協会機関誌 24(6), 54-59, 2017-07
• NAID 40021259070

• 簡易的なモデルによる重量車搭載ディーゼルエンジンの暖機過程予測手法

• 自動車技術会論文集 48(3), 615-620, 2017-05
• NAID 40021234423

• Breakup of land-fast sea ice in Lutzow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica, and its teleconnection to tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures

• Geophysical research letters 44(7), 3219-3227, 2017-04-07
• NAID 120006352206

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「warm」

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温かい、温和な、温める

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temperate

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

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• 戦争、戦い

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combat、warfare

　 　 　 　 　 　

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