WordNet

the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips (同)waistline
the fruit of a rose plant (同)rose hip, rosehip
(architecture) the exterior angle formed by the junction of a sloping side and a sloping end of a roof
the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum (同)hip_joint, coxa, articulatio_coxae
either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh
a blouse with buttons down the front; "in Britain they call a shirtwaist a shirtwaister" (同)shirtwaister
a small pouch (usually with a zipper) that attaches to a belt and is worn around the waist (同)belt bag
a very slender waist

PrepTutorEJDIC

『腰』,腰部 / (衣服の)『胴部』,ウエスト / (バイオリン・ギターなどの)中央のくびれ
『腰』[の一方の側],ヒップ / = hip joint
野バラの実
(最新流行の思相・スタイルなどに)よく通じた《+『to』+『名』》
応援などの音頭をとるかけ声
カラーとカフスのついたワイシャツ型の婦人用ブラウス(ワンピース)
(ズボン・スカートなどの)ベルト
チョッキ(=vest 1)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/15 20:53:23」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Waist (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with waste.

An overweight man measures his waist circumference.

The waist is the part of the abdomen between the rib cage and hips. On proportionate people, the waist is the narrowest part of the torso.

The waistline refers to the horizontal line where the waist is narrowest, or to the general appearance of the waist. People who diet are often said to be trying to "improve" their waistline.

Women tend to have narrower waists than men.

Fashion[edit]

In modern clothing the region referred to as the waist is considerably below the waist as defined anatomically. With the advent of trousers and skirts that do not require support from above, the clothing waist moved down to a position where the body starts to expand to form the buttocks and a support is therefore available.

The waistline of clothing is now generally well below the anatomical waist.

Jewellery, such as a belly chain, may be worn around either the clothing or anatomical waist.

Waist-hip ratio[edit]

Main article: Waist-hip ratio

Waist-hip ratio is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. It measures the proportion by which fat is distributed around the torso.

A waist-hip ratio of 0.7 for women and 0.9 for men have been shown to correlate strongly with general health and fertility.

Hip and buttock padding is used by some males who cross-dress as females to increase the apparent size of the hips and buttocks to resemble those of a female.

Waist measurement[edit]

Strictly, the waist circumference is measured at a level midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest.^[1] The waist-hip ratio equals the waist circumference divided by the hip circumference. Practically, however, the waist is usually measured at the smallest circumference of the natural waist, usually just above the belly button.^[2] In case the waist is convex rather than concave, such as is the case in pregnancy and obesity, the waist may be measured at a vertical level 1 inch above the navel.^[3]

The size of a person's waist or waist circumference, indicates abdominal obesity. Excess abdominal fat is a risk factor for developing heart disease and other obesity related diseases. The National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) ^[4] classify the risk of obesity related diseases as high if: men have a waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in), and women have a waist circumference greater than 88 cm (35 in).

A study published in the European Heart Journal April 2007 ^[5] showed waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were predictors of cardiovascular events.

Waist reduction and training[edit]

Waist reduction or waist training refers to the act of wearing a corset or other constricting garment to reduce or alter the waistline. The four floating ribs may be permanently compressed or moved by such garments. A girdle may also be used to alter the appearance of the waist.

Waist reduction may be used simply to reduce the width of the waist. This change can be permanent or temporary.

Waist training may be used to achieve a certain permanent waist shape, such as a pipe-stem waist.

References[edit]

^ [1] Han, T.; Van Leer, E.; Seidell, J.; Lean, M. (1995). "Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in a random sample". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 311 (7017): 1401–1405. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7017.1401. PMC 2544423. PMID 8520275. edit
^ Waist To Hip Calculator at University of Maryland Medical System. Retrieved Dec 2010
^ [2] Brown JE, Potter JD, Jacobs DR, et al. (January 1996). "Maternal waist-to-hip ratio as a predictor of newborn size: Results of the Diana Project". Epidemiology 7 (1): 62–6. doi:10.1097/00001648-199601000-00011. PMID 8664403.
^ Obesity Education Initiative, Aim for a Healthy Weight.
^ Lawrence de Koning; Merchant, AT; Pogue, J; Anand, SS (2007). "Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies". European Heart Journal 28 (7): 850. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm026. PMID 17403720.

External links[edit]

"Waist". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Measured average height, weight, and waist circumference for adults ages 20 years and over (U.S.)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人の肥満のスクリーニングおよび臨床評価 screening for and clinical evaluation of obesity in adults
2. 小児の身体組成測定 measurement of body composition in children
3. 成人の身体組成測定 determining body composition in adults
4. 肥満、体重減少、および心血管疾患 obesity weight reduction and cardiovascular disease
5. 成人の肥満に関連する健康被害 health hazards associated with obesity in adults

English Journal

Risk factors of low vitamin D status in adolescent females in Kuwait: implications for high peak bone mass attainment.

Alyahya K1, Lee WT, Al-Mazidi Z, Morgan J, Lanham-New S.
Archives of osteoporosis.Arch Osteoporos.2014 Dec;9(1):178. doi: 10.1007/s11657-014-0178-z. Epub 2014 May 24.
Risks of low vitamin D status in Kuwaiti adolescent girls are high parathyroid hormone (PTH), high waist/hip ratio, veiling and not having a private room. Low vitamin D status is likely to have a negative impact on their bone mass and accrual.INTRODUCTION: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level
PMID 24858401

Sweet craving and ghrelin and leptin levels in women during stress.

Macedo DM1, Diez-Garcia RW2.
Appetite.Appetite.2014 Sep;80:264-70. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.031. Epub 2014 May 28.
Ingesting sweet substances in excess may attenuate the effects of stress in women and impact leptin levels, which are also affected by alcohol dependence and overeating. Excess intake of sweet substances also influences ghrelin levels, involved in the onset of food intake and stress. This paper aime
PMID 24879886

Strong influence of dietary intake and physical activity on body fatness in elderly Japanese men: age-associated loss of polygenic resistance against obesity.

Tanisawa K1, Ito T, Sun X, Ise R, Oshima S, Cao ZB, Sakamoto S, Tanaka M, Higuchi M.
Genes & nutrition.Genes Nutr.2014 Sep;9(5):416. doi: 10.1007/s12263-014-0416-4. Epub 2014 Jul 17.
Genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged populations; however, it is unclear whether these SNPs are associated with body fatness in elderly people. We examined the association between genetic risk score (GR
PMID 25030601

Japanese Journal

車椅子への移動動作における看護師の負担に関する研究 : 患者-看護師間の身長差が看護師の心身に与える影響

佐藤正樹,肥後すみ子,保坂さえ子 [他],田渕祥恵,大川美千代
群馬県立県民健康科学大学紀要 10, 79-88, 2015-03
目的:看護師と患者の身長に差があるという条件において,車椅子への移動動作における看護師の心身に与える影響を明らかにすること.方法:患者の背部で手を組む方法と介助用ベルトを使用する方法の,端座位から車椅子へ移乗を介助する際の看護師の表面筋電図を測定した.三角筋,上腕二頭筋,胸最長筋,大腿直筋,大腿二頭筋,腓腹筋の筋電図を測定し,筋電図積分値を算出し二群間で比較した.また,所要時間と動作前後で上肢,腰 …
NAID 110009884772

Changes in Waist Circumference and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Community-Dwelling Men and Women: The Suita Study

, , , , , , , , , , , ,
Journal of Epidemiology advpub(0), 2015
… The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between change in waist circumference (WC) and type 2 diabetes incidence.<BR>Methods: The participants in the Suita Study, a population-based cohort study in an urban area of Japan, underwent a baseline survey between 1989 and 1994 (Exam 1) and were examined at follow-up every 2 years. …
NAID 130005071067

Walking-Assist Principle Analysis for a Multi-Legged System

,
IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 4(3), 294-300, 2015
… In this paper, a novel walking-assist multi-legged device that is fixed on the waist, with two machine legs independent from human legs, helps elders walk and climb stairs without any manipulation of the machine. … The sensor is fixed on the waist of the elder in order to gauge the posture of the waist thereby preventing an emergency such as a fall. …
NAID 130005068764