WordNet

something that remunerates; "wages were paid by check"; "he wasted his pay on drink"; "they saved a quarter of all their earnings" (同)pay, earnings, remuneration, salary
working for hourly wages rather than fixed (e.g. annual) salaries; "working-class occupations include manual as well as industrial labor" (同)working-class
abnormal spinal curvature that results when osteoporosis causes the spine to collapse; seen most often in elderly women
an iron block cut with holes and grooves to assist in cold working metal
a farm that is irrigated and fertilized with raw sewage
a freeze of wages at a given level
move from side to side; "The happy dog wagged his tail" (同)waggle
causing to move repeatedly from side to side (同)waggle, shake
a witty amusing person who makes jokes (同)wit, card
a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing; "the wages of sin is death"; "virtue is its own reward" (同)reward, payoff

PrepTutorEJDIC

(通例肉体労働者の日・週ぎめの)『賃金』,給金 / 《単数・複数扱い》(罪などの)報い,応報 / (…に対して)〈戦争など〉‘を'行う《+名+against(on)+名》
〈頭・尾など〉‘を'『振る』,揺り動かす / 〈頭・尾などが〉振れる,揺れ動く;(おしゃべりで)〈舌が〉ぺらぺら動く / (…を)振ること《+of+名》
(男の)ひょうきん者,(機知に富んだ)おどけ者(wit)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/16 12:55:17」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Wage (disambiguation).

A wage is remuneration paid by an employer to an employee. It may be a calculated as a fixed amount, or at an hourly rate, or based on the quantity of work done. Remuneration to manual workers is often referred to as "wages", while remuneration to white-collar workers is called "salary".

Determinants of wage rates

Depending on the structure and traditions of different economies around the world, wage rates will be influenced by market forces (supply and demand), legislation, and tradition. Market forces are perhaps more dominant in the United States, while tradition, social structure and seniority, perhaps play a greater role in Japan.^[1]

Wage Discrimination

Even in countries where market forces primarily set wage rates, studies show that there are still differences in remuneration for work based on sex and race. For example, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2007 women of all races made approximately 80% of the median wage of their male counterparts. Similarly, white men made about 84% the wage of Asian men, and black men 64%.^[2] These are overall averages and are not adjusted for the type, amount, and quality of work done.

Wages in the United States

Historical graph of real wages in the US from 1964 to 2005.

In the United States, wages for most workers are set by market forces, or else by collective bargaining, where a labor union negotiates on the workers' behalf. The Fair Labor Standards Act establishes a minimum wage at the federal level that all states must abide by, among other provisions. Fourteen states and a number of cities have set their own minimum wage rates that are higher than the federal level. For certain federal or state government contacts, employers must pay the so-called prevailing wage as determined according to the Davis-Bacon Act or its state equivalent. Activists have undertaken to promote the idea of a living wage rate which account for living expenses and other basic necessities, setting the living wage rate much higher than current minimum wage laws require.

References

^ [1] - Education 2020 Homeschool console, Vocabulary Assignment, definition entry for "wage rate" (may require login to view)
^ U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Earnings of Women and Men by Race and Ethnicity, 2007" Accessed June 29, 2012

External links

Look up wage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Wealth of Nations - click Chapter 8
Understanding Capitalism Part III: Wages and Labor Markets - Critical of capitalism
U.S. Department of Labor: Minimum Wage Laws - Different laws by State
Average U.S. farm and non-farm wage
LaborFair Resources - Link to Fair Labor Practices
The Truth Behind Wages in Mining - Link to An Article Abouth How Wages are measured and Current Standards for Mining Professionals
Database Central Europe - Data on average wages in Central Europe and in Emerging Markets

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Variation in cost of total thyroidectomy across the United States, 2007 to 2008.

Reinke CE1, Sonnenberg EM1, Karakousis GC1, Fraker DL2, Kelz RR3.
American journal of surgery.Am J Surg.2015 Aug;210(2):302-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.12.039. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
BACKGROUND: Variation in cost of surgical care across state lines is poorly understood. We sought to examine state-level variation in wage-adjusted total cost (WATC) of a common surgical procedure.METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy in the Na
PMID 25936247

Effects of wages on smoking decisions of current and past smokers.

Du J1, Leigh JP2.
Annals of epidemiology.Ann Epidemiol.2015 Aug;25(8):575-582.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.016. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
PURPOSE: We used longitudinal data and instrumental variables (IVs) in a prospective design to test for the causal effects of wages on smoking prevalence among current and past smokers.METHODS: Nationally representative U.S. data were drawn from the 1999-2009 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynam
PMID 26066536

The meaning and measurement of work fatigue: Development and evaluation of the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI).

Frone MR1, Tidwell MC1.
Journal of occupational health psychology.J Occup Health Psychol.2015 Jul;20(3):273-88. doi: 10.1037/a0038700. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
Although work fatigue represents an important construct in several substantive areas, prior conceptual definitions and measures have been inadequate in a number of ways. The goals of the present study were to develop a conceptual definition and outline the desirable characteristics of a work fatigue
PMID 25602275

Trends in bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy among Taiwanese women undergoing benign hysterectomy: a population-based, pooled, cross-sectional study.

Lai JC1, Huang N, Wang KL, Hu HY, Chen IT, Chou YJ.
Menopause (New York, N.Y.).Menopause.2015 Jul;22(7):765-72. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000360.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine recent trends in the performance of elective bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at benign hysterectomy and to identify associated patient and provider-related characteristics from 2000 to 2010.METHODS: We conducted a population-based, pooled, cross-sectional study
PMID 25387346

Japanese Journal

「被災者生活支援等施策の推進に関する基本的な方針改定(案)」に対する意見募集で寄せられた主な意見に対する政府の見解 : 平成27年8月25日

賃金と社会保障 = Wage
NAID 40020608678

被災者生活支援等施策の推進に関する基本的な方針 : 平成27年8月25日改定

賃金と社会保障 = Wage
NAID 40020608659

被災者生活支援等施策の推進に関する基本的な方針の改定について

森川清
賃金と社会保障 = Wage
NAID 40020608636

「経済・財政一体改革」検討の大枠(イメージ)

賃金と社会保障 = Wage
NAID 40020608623

Related Pictures

Should the EU set a European minimum wage? The End of Free Market: Minimum Wage? wages Living wage wage can cause unemployment of Q3-Q2 the equilibrium wage rate is w1 and the the profit maximising level of employment wage thus making it the equilibrium wage

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「sewage」

　　[★]

汚水、下水

関: sewerage、sludge

[1] [1] - Education 2020 Homeschool console, Vocabulary Assignment, definition entry for "wage rate" (may require login to view)

[2] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Earnings of Women and Men by Race and Ethnicity, 2007" Accessed June 29, 2012

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wage