顔面頭蓋
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/18 11:39:44」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Facial bones |
|
The fourteen bones that form the human facial skeleton.
|
The fourteen facial bones. (Neurocranium is shown in semi-transparent.)
Blue: Vomer (1)
Yellow: Maxilla (2)
Purple: Mandible (1)
Pink: Nasal bones (2)
Red: Palatine bones (2)
Bright blue: Lacrimal bones (2)
Dark green: Zygomatic bones (2)
Bright green: Inferior nasal concha (2)
|
| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
ossa faciei, ossa facialia |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
Facial bones |
| TA |
A02.1.00.008 |
| FMA |
53673 |
| Anatomical terms of bone
[edit on Wikidata]
|
The facial skeleton, viscerocranium, or splanchnocranium consists of a part of the skull that is derived from the pharyngeal arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower skull. The rest of the skull is the neurocranium.
Contents
- 1 Human facial bones
- 2 Embryonic origins
- 3 Additional images
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Human facial bones
For the human skull, most sources always include these fourteen bones in their lists of facial bones:[1][2]
- Inferior nasal concha (2)
- Lacrimal bones (2)
- Mandible
- Maxilla (2)
- Nasal bones (2)
- Palatine bones (2)
- Vomer
- Zygomatic bones (2)
Variations
The hyoid bone is sometimes included. The ethmoid bone (or a part of it) and also the sphenoid bone are sometimes included, but otherwise considered part of the neurocranium. Some sources describe the maxilla's left and right parts as two bones. Likewise, the palatine bone is also sometimes described as two bones.
Textbooks differ as to what bones to include in the facial skeleton. Some textbooks make a strict distinction between bones of the neurocranium and viscerocranium, based on the embryological origins of the bones. Other textbooks tend to include all the bones that can be seen in a frontal aspect of the human skull; consequently they include bones such as the frontal bone.[3]
Embryonic origins
The viscerocranium is derived from the neural crest cells (also responsible for the development of the neurocranium, teeth and adrenal medulla) or from the sclerotome which derives from the somite block of the mesoderm. As with the neurocranium, in Chondricthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates, they are not replaced via endochondral ossification. In tetrapods, such as amphibians and reptiles, the columella connecting to the tympanum is derived from the splanchnocranium. In mammals, the splanchnocranium derives the bones of the middle ear, the malleus, the incus and stapes.
Additional images
-
Human facial skeleton. Front view.
-
Human skull. Lateral view.
-
Facial bones and neurocranium (labeled as "Brain case").
-
The approximate line which divides facial bones and neurocranium.
See also
References
- ^ Skeletal System / Divisions of the Skeleton
- ^ facial+bone - Definition from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Such differences will affect the total bone count of the facial skeleton, but these are only differences in how to classify and/or describe the anatomy of the skull, and that regardless of what classification/description is preferred, the anatomy remains the same.
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Facial skeleton. |
- ent/9 at eMedicine - "Facial Bone Anatomy"
|
Compound structures of skull
|
|
| Neurocranium |
- Calvaria
- Asterion
- Pterion
- Stephanion
- Inion
- Bregma
- Lambda
- Fossae
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
- cranial cavity
- Base of skull
- Fontanelle
- anterior
- posterior
- sphenoidal
- mastoid
|
|
| Facial skeleton |
|
|
| Both |
- dacryon
- zygomatic arch
- temporal fossa
- infratemporal fossa
- pterygomaxillary fissure
- pterygopalatine fossa
|
|
|
The facial skeleton of the skull
|
|
| Maxilla |
| Surfaces |
- Anterior: fossae (Incisive fossa, Canine fossa)
- Infraorbital foramen
- Anterior nasal spine
- Infratemporal: Alveolar canals
- Maxillary tuberosity
- Orbital: Infraorbital groove
- Infraorbital canal
- Nasal: Greater palatine canal
|
|
| Processes |
- Zygomatic process
- Frontal process (Agger nasi, Anterior lacrimal crest)
- Alveolar process
- Palatine process (Incisive foramen, Incisive canals, Foramina of Scarpa, Incisive bone, Anterior nasal spine)
|
|
| Other |
- Body of maxilla
- Maxillary sinus
|
|
|
| Zygomatic |
- Orbital process (Zygomatico-orbital)
- Temporal process (Zygomaticotemporal)
- Lateral process (Zygomaticofacial)
|
|
| Palatine |
| Fossae |
- Pterygopalatine fossa
- Pterygoid fossa
|
|
| Plates |
- Horizontal plate (Posterior nasal spine)
- Perpendicular plate (Greater palatine canal, Sphenopalatine foramen)
|
|
| Processes |
- Pyramidal
- Orbital
- Sphenoidal
|
|
|
| Mandible |
| Body |
- external surface (Mandibular symphysis, Lingual foramen, Mental protuberance, Mental foramen, Mandibular incisive canal)
- internal surface (Mental spine, Mylohyoid line, Sublingual fovea, Submandibular fovea)
- Alveolar part of mandible
|
|
| Ramus |
- Mylohyoid groove (Mandibular canal, Lingula)
- Mandibular foramen
- Angle
- Coronoid process
- Mandibular notch
- Condyloid process
- Pterygoid fovea
|
|
|
| Nose |
- Nasal bone
- Nasal foramina
- Inferior nasal concha
- Maxillary process
- Vomer
|
|
| Other |
- Lacrimal
- Posterior lacrimal crest
- Lacrimal groove
- Lacrimal hamulus
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Principles of surgical treatment in the midface trauma - theory and practice.
- Vrinceanu D1, Banica B1.
- Mædica.Maedica (Buchar).2014 Dec;9(4):361-6.
- INTRODUCTION: Facial trauma is a common injury in the urban setting. Many studies have been published on the epidemiology and treatment of facial fractures, but few of them conducted in emergencies hospital as ours. The purpose of this study was to present theory and practice in surgical treatment o
- PMID 25705306
- Three-dimensional analysis of cranial growth from 6 to 12 months of age.
- Meyer-Marcotty P1, Böhm H2, Linz C2, Kochel J3, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A3, Schweitzer T4.
- European journal of orthodontics.Eur J Orthod.2014 Oct;36(5):489-96. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjt010. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
- The aim of this study was to generate three-dimensional data of the physiological growth of the infant's cranium in the significant growth phase from 6 to 12 months of age. In a longitudinal observational study non-invasive 3D data using an optical surface scanner were generated of the entire head o
- PMID 25257925
- "Blind spots" in forensic autopsy: improved detection of retrobulbar hemorrhage and orbital lesions by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT).
- Flach PM1, Egli TC2, Bolliger SA3, Berger N4, Ampanozi G3, Thali MJ3, Schweitzer W3.
- Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan).Leg Med (Tokyo).2014 Sep;16(5):274-82. doi: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.06.003. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to correlate the occurrence of retrobulbar hemorrhage (RBH) with mechanism of injury, external signs and autopsy findings to postmortem computed tomography (PMCT).METHODS: Six-teen subjects presented with RBH and underwent PMCT, external inspection and conve
- PMID 25017308
Japanese Journal
- 口蓋裂を伴った Russell-Silver 症候群の1例
- 佐藤 公治,相澤 貴子,小林 義和,近藤 俊,今村 基尊,水谷 英樹,山田 守正
- 日本口蓋裂学会雑誌 36(3), 202-207, 2011-10-25
- 【緒言】Russell- Silver症候群（以下RSSとする）は子宮内発育遅延，生後のcatch up growthを伴わない低身長，相対的大頭を伴う逆三角形の顔貌を特徴とする症候群で，顔面頭蓋の発育不全や左右非対称に起因する不正咬合に対し歯科矯正治療が行われることがあるが，口蓋裂の合併は希である。今回われわれは口蓋裂を伴ったRSSの1例を経験したので報告する。【症例】患児は当センター初診時6か …
- NAID 10030795081
- The Variability of Cranial Morphology in Modern Horses(Morphology)
- Komosa Marcin,Molinski Krzysztof,Godynicki Szymon
- Zoological science 23(3), 289-298, 2006-03-25
- … A meaningful effect on craniometric variability was observed in the length and breadth of the viscerocranium. … Also the height of the viscerocranium - a cranial feature of the respiratory tract, showed a high discriminating power. …
- NAID 110004804579
- A case of primitive floor of the mouth paraganglioma in a child : an embryological theory unifying viscerocranium appended paragangliomas
Related Links
- Fundstellen zu "Viscerocranium" im Internet, an Universitäten und in der Literatur... cyclopaedia.net ... Sobotta Lernkarten Knochen, Bänder und Gelenke: Knochen, Bänder, Gelenke - mit Zugang zum Elsevier-Portal Friedrich ...
- viscerocranium, the facial skeleton. viscerocranium (vis´ rōkrā´nēum), n the category of the 14 bones of the human skull that encircle the face. Also called the facial bones. vis·cer·o·cra·ni·um (vis'ĕr-ō-krā'nē-ŭm), [TA] That part of the ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- visceral cranium, viscerocranium
- ラ
- cranium viscerale
- 同
- 内臓頭蓋
- 関
- 頭蓋骨
