発疱薬
- 関
- irritants
WordNet
- a chemical agent that causes blistering (especially mustard gas) (同)vesicatory
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 水泡を生じる / 発泡剤;びらん性毒ガス
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/09/01 17:35:08」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Blister agents are named for their ability to cause large, painful water blisters on the bodies of those affected
Soldier with moderate mustard gas burns sustained during World War I showing characteristic bullae on neck, armpit and hands
A blister agent, or vesicant, is a chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation. They are named for their ability to cause severe chemical burns, resulting in painful water blisters on the bodies of those affected. Although the term is often used in connection with large-scale burns caused by chemical spills or chemical warfare agents,[1] some naturally occurring substances such as cantharidin are also blister-producing agents (vesicants).[2] Furanocoumarin, another naturally occurring substance, causes vesicant-like effects indirectly, for example, by increasing skin photosensitivity greatly. Vesicants have medical uses including wart removal but can be fatal if even small amounts are ingested.[2]
Contents
- 1 Blister agents used in warfare
- 2 Effects of blister agents
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Blister agents used in warfare
Most blister agents fall into one of three groups:
- Sulfur mustards – A family of sulfur-based agents, including the so-called "mustard gas".
- Nitrogen mustards – A family of agents similar to the sulfur mustards, but based on nitrogen instead of sulfur.
- Lewisite – An early blister agent that was developed, but not used, during World War I. It was effectively rendered obsolete with the development of British anti-Lewisite in the 1940s.
Occasionally, phosgene oxime is included among the blister agents, although it is more properly termed a nettle agent.
Effects of blister agents
Exposure to a weaponized blister agent can cause a number of life-threatening symptoms, including:
- Severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation
- Skin erythema with large fluid blisters that heal slowly and may become infected
- Tearing, conjunctivitis, corneal damage
- Mild respiratory distress to marked airway damage
All blister agents currently known are heavier than air, and are readily absorbed through the eyes, lungs, and skin. Effects of the two mustard agents are typically delayed: exposure to vapors becomes evident in 4 to 6 hours, and skin exposure in 2 to 48 hours. The effects of Lewisite are immediate.
References
- ^ Center for Disease Control
- ^ a b Cantharidin and Meloids: a review of classical history, biosynthesis, and function
External links
- Medterms.com
- Medical Aspects of Biological and Chemical Warfare, Chapter 7: Vesicants
- Agents used in chemical warfare
- incapacitation
- riot control
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Blood |
- Cyanogen chloride (CK)
- Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
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Blister |
- Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
- Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
- Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
- Lewisite (L)
- Sulfur mustard (HD H HT HL HQ)
- Nitrogen mustard
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Nerve |
G-agents |
- Tabun (GA)
- Sarin (GB)
- Soman (GD)
- Cyclosarin (GF)
- GV
- Methyl fluorophosphoryl homocholine iodide (MFPhCh)
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V-agents |
- EA-3148
- VE
- VG
- VM
- VP
- VR
- VX
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Nettle |
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Pulmonary |
- Chlorine
- Chloropicrin (PS)
- Phosgene (CG)
- Diphosgene (DP)
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Incapacitating |
- Agent 15 (BZ)
- Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
- EA-3167
- Kolokol-1
- LSD-25
- PAVA spray
- Sleeping gas
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Riot control |
- Pepper spray (OC)
- CS
- CN (mace)
- CR
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- List of chemical warfare agents
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Selectin-mediated leukocyte trafficking during the development of autoimmune disease.
- Angiari S1.
- Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2015 Nov;14(11):984-95. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jun 24.
- Tissue inflammation is a finely regulated process that controls wound healing and allows the clearance of damaged cells, pathogens and irritants. However, excessive or uncontrolled inflammation is detrimental, causing tissue damage and leading to autoimmunity. The recruitment of circulating leukocyt
- PMID 26117594
- Cleaning products and short-term respiratory effects among female cleaners with asthma.
- Vizcaya D1, Mirabelli MC2, Gimeno D3, Antó JM4, Delclos GL5, Rivera M6, Orriols R7, Arjona L8, Burgos F9, Zock JP10.
- Occupational and environmental medicine.Occup Environ Med.2015 Nov;72(11):757-63. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2013-102046. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
- OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the short-term effects of exposure to cleaning products on lung function and respiratory symptoms among professional cleaning women.METHODS: Twenty-one women with current asthma and employed as professional cleaners participated in a 15-day panel study. During 312 person-days
- PMID 25907212
- Thioredoxin Cross-Linking by Nitrogen Mustard in Lung Epithelial Cells: Formation of Multimeric Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Complexes and Inhibition of Disulfide Reduction.
- Jan YH1, Heck DE2, Casillas RP3, Laskin DL4, Laskin JD1.
- Chemical research in toxicology.Chem Res Toxicol.2015 Oct 19. [Epub ahead of print]
- The thioredoxin (Trx) system, which consists of Trx and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), is a major cellular disulfide reduction system important in antioxidant defense. TrxR is a target of mechlorethamine (methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine; HN2), a bifunctional alkylating agent that covalently binds to se
- PMID 26451472
Japanese Journal
- 中国天津市の産業共生モデルのライフサイクル評価:下水汚泥と建築廃棄物の再資源化を中心とした事例
- 高 揚,黄 佳虎,松本 亨,薛 咏海,左 健
- Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 70(5), I_53-I_58, 2014
- 循環型社会への取り組みは,工場,産業団地,都市等,様々な階層で行われる必要があるが,近年「産業共生モデル」が注目されている.その理念に基づいて天津市において構想されている「裕川循環経済産業園」の産業共生モデルは,天津市とその周辺の建築廃棄物,下水処理場の汚泥及び火力発電所の石炭灰などの廃棄物を回収して,それぞれモルタル代替,コンクリート発泡剤,肥料代替として再利用する.また,各企業間に共生ネット …
- NAID 130004707626
- Incidence of Injection Site Reactions Induced by Vinorelbine and Prevention with Hot Compresses
- Hayashi Makoto,Ohnishi Chie,Sugimura Hayato,Miyazawa Kenji,Yamatani Akimasa,Funaki Hiromu,Miyamoto Kenichi
- 医薬品情報学 15(1), 8-12, 2013
- … Patients treated with vinorelbine(VNR)-containing chemotherapy often suffer from injection site reactions. VNR is a moderate vesicant that is well known to cause local venous damage. We conducted this study to identify clinical risk factors related to the incidence of injection site reactions caused by VNR, and whether applying a hot compress was effective for preventing such reactions.Methods: Medical records were retrospectively investigated for 48 patients treated with chemotherapy regimens containing VNR. Injection site reactions …
- NAID 130004551400
Related Links
- vesicantとは。意味や和訳。[形]水疱(すいほう)を生じる,発疱(はっぽう)させる. [名]1 発泡剤.2 《軍事》びらん性毒ガス. - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。
- Extravasation is a known risk of vesicant administration. Extravasation of vesicant chemotherapy can cause significant tissue damage. Phosgene oxime is technically not a true vesicant because the skin lesions it causes are / / ...
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
刺激物質
- 関
- irritant、irritant chemical、stimulant、vesicant
[★]
- 英
- vesicant, blister agent
- 関
- 刺激物質、皮膚刺激薬