出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/25 01:53:31」(JST)
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| Vein: Great saphenous vein | |
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The great saphenous vein and landmarks along its course
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The great saphenous vein and its tributaries at the fossa ovalis in the groin.
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| Latin | vena saphena magna |
| Gray's | p.669 |
| Source | dorsal venous arch of the foot, and others |
| Drains to | femoral vein |
| MeSH | Saphenous+Vein |
The great saphenous vein (GSV), previously also called the long saphenous vein, is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body running along the length of the leg.
The terms "safaina" (Greek, meaning "manifest," "to be clearly seen") and "el safin" (Arabic, meaning "hidden/covered") have both been claimed as the origin for the word "saphenous."[1]
The GSV originates from where the dorsal vein of the first digit (the large toe) merges with the dorsal venous arch of the foot. After passing anterior to the medial malleolus (where it often can be visualized and palpated), it runs up the medial side of the leg. At the knee, it runs over the posterior border of the medial epicondyle of the femur bone. The great saphenous vein then courses anteriorly to lie on the anterior surface of the thigh before entering an opening in the fascia lata called the saphenous opening. It forms an arch, the saphenous arch, to join the common femoral vein in the region of the femoral triangle at the sapheno-femoral junction.[citation needed]
At the ankle it receives branches from the sole of the foot through the medial marginal vein; in the lower leg it anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein, communicates by perforator veins (Cockett perforators) with the anterior and posterior tibial veins and receives many cutaneous veins; near the knee it communicates with the popliteal vein by the Boyd perforator, in the thigh it communicates with the femoral vein by perforator veins (Dodd perforator) and receives numerous tributaries; those from the medial and posterior parts of the thigh frequently unite to form a large accessory saphenous vein which joins the main vein near the sapheno-femoral junction.[2]
Near the fossa ovalis it is joined by the superficial epigastric, superficial iliac circumflex, and superficial external pudendal veins.
The thoracoepigastric vein runs along the lateral aspect of the trunk between the superficial epigastric vein below and the lateral thoracic vein above and establishes an important communication between the femoral vein and the axillary vein.
Pathology of the great saphenous vein is relatively common, but in isolation typically not life-threatening.[3]
The vein is often removed by vascular surgeons and used for autotransplantation in coronary artery bypass operations, when arterial grafts are not available or many grafts are required, such as in a triple bypass or quadruple bypass.
The great saphenous vein is the conduit of choice for vascular surgeons,[4][5] when available, for doing peripheral arterial bypass operations [ see vascular bypass ] because it has superior long-term patency compared to synthetic grafts (PTFE, PETE (Dacron)), human umbilical vein grafts or biosynthetic grafts [Omniflow]. Often, it is used in situ (in place), after tying off smaller tributaries and stripping the valves with a device called LeMaitre's valvulotome.
The saphenous nerve is a branch of the femoral nerve that runs with the great saphenous vein and is often damaged in surgeries that make use of the similarly named vein.
When emergency resuscitation with fluids is necessary, and standard intravenous access cannot be achieved due to venous collapse, saphenous vein cutdown may be necessary.
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.
Superficial veins oflower limbSuperficial dissection. Anterior view.
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEINDeep dissection. Anterior view.
Illustration depicting veins of the leg including great saphenous vein (anterior view).
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| リンク元 | 「大伏在静脈」 |
| 関連記事 | 「saphena」「vena」 |
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.