腟スミア、腟塗抹、膣スミア、膣塗抹

WordNet

stain by smearing or daubing with a dirty substance
a thin tissue or blood sample spread on a glass slide and stained for cytologic examination and diagnosis under a microscope (同)cytologic smear, cytosmear
slanderous defamation (同)vilification, malignment
make a smudge on; soil by smudging (同)blur, smudge, smutch
the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus"
of or relating to the vagina; "vaginal suppository"

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(油性・粘着性のものを)…に塗る…(…で)…‘を'汚す《+『名』+『with』+『名』〈油など〉》 / (…に)〈油など〉‘を'塗りつける《+『名』〈油など〉+『on』(『over』)+『名』》 / …‘を'こすって不明瞭にする,消す / 〈人の名誉など〉‘を'傷つける,中傷する / 汚れる / かすれる,分鮮明になる / (油などの)汚れ,しみ / 中傷 / (顕微鏡で見るためスライドに塗った)塗布[標本]
膣
膣の(に関する)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/05 13:50:39」(JST)

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A vaginal wet mount (or vaginal smear^[1] or wet prep^[2]) is a gynecologic test wherein a sample of vaginal discharge is observed by wet mount microscopy by placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution.^[1] It is used to find the cause of vaginitis and vulvitis.^[1]

Indication

A vaginal wet mount may be considered in case of vaginitis symptoms such as vaginal itching, burning, rash, odor, or discharge. It may assist in suspicion of vaginal yeast infection, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis.

Infections such as chlamydia, genital warts, syphilis, herpes simplex, and gonorrhea can also affect the vagina, but these diseases are found by doing other tests.^[1]

It may also be used in a rape investigation to detect presence of semen.

Method

Having sex within 24 hours before the test can affect the vaginal pH.

A vaginal wet mount is not done during the menstrual period, because menstrual blood on the slide can confound the results. Vaginal irrigation, tampon use or sex (potentially disrupting the vaginal pH) should be avoided for 24 hours before the test. Vaginal medicines (such as a nonprescription vaginal yeast medicine) should not be used during the 2 to 3 days before the test.^[1]

The sampling is done with the patient in lithotomy position. A speculum is used to facilitate use of a swab or spatula to sample fluid inside the vagina. The sampling procedure may cause some discomfort and minor bleeding, but otherwise there are no associated risks. The sample is then smeared upon a microscope slide and is observed by wet mount microscopy by placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution.^[1]

Interpretation

Normally, there are no yeast, bacteria, trichomoniasis, or clue cells are found on the slide. White blood cells are normally absent or very low in number.^[1]

A vaginal yeast infection often causes a white, lumpy discharge that looks like cottage cheese.^[1]
Trichomoniasis causes a vaginal discharge that is yellow-green, foamy, and bad-smelling.^[1]
Bacterial vaginosis generally produces a vaginal discharge that is thin and milky with a strong fishy odor.^[1] Clue cells may be seen in bacterial vaginosis.^[1]

Furthermore, presence of white blood cells is a general sign of infection.^[1]

Concomitant vaginal discharge tests

A vaginal discharge sample wet mount is often also used for the following additional tests:

KOH slide. A sample of the vaginal discharge is placed on a slide and mixed with a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The KOH kills bacteria and cells from the vagina, leaving only yeast for easier detection of a yeast infection. Several drops of a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution may also be added to a sample of the vaginal discharge to test for any resultant strong fishy odor from the mix, which would indicate bacterial vaginosis. The latter procedure is called a Whiff test. ^[1]
Vaginal pH test. The normal vaginal pH is 3.8 to 4.5. Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and atrophic vaginitis often cause a vaginal pH higher than 4.5.^[1]

If indicated, the sample can also be used for:

Detecting atrophic vaginitis by additional staining.^[1]
Vaginal culture, to see if bacteria, yeast, or trichomonads will grow.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p WebMD - Vaginal Wet Mount Last Updated: July 15, 2008
^ MedlinePlus - Vaginitis test - wet mount Update Date: 5/2/2008. Updated by: Linda Vorvick, MD

UpToDate Contents

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1. 膣上皮内腫瘍 vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
2. 膣萎縮症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of vaginal atrophy
3. クラミジア・トラコマティス感染症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis infections
4. 膣癌 vaginal cancer
5. 腟式子宮摘出術 vaginal hysterectomy

English Journal

Detection of phospholipase activity of Candida albicans and non albicans isolated from women of reproductive age with vulvovaginal candidiasis in rural area.

Fule SR, Das D, Fule RP1.
Indian journal of medical microbiology.Indian J Med Microbiol.2015 Jan-Mar;33(1):92-5. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.148392.
BACKGROUND: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is most common accounting for 17 to 39% of symptomatic women. Both Candida albicans and non albicans Candida species are involved in VVC. Amongst various virulence factors proposed for Candida, extracellular phospholipases is one of the virulence factor imp
PMID 25560009

The effect of vaginal lubrication on unsatisfactory results of cervical smears.

Pergialiotis V1, Vlachos DG, Rodolakis A, Thomakos N, Christakis D, Vlachos GD.
Journal of lower genital tract disease.J Low Genit Tract Dis.2015 Jan;19(1):55-61. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000037.
OBJECTIVE: Speculum lubrication with water-based gels before cervical smear sampling has been investigated and commented on thoroughly during the last decade. The present meta-analysis was based on randomized and quasi-randomized control trials and evaluated its impact on unsatisfactory cytologic re
PMID 24769651

Cervical Ectropion and Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD): a five-year retrospective study of family planning clients of a tertiary health institution in Lagos Nigeria.

Wright KO, Mohammed AS, Salisu-Olatunji O, Kuyinu YA.
BMC research notes.BMC Res Notes.2014 Dec 23;7(1):946. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Cervical ectropion (also known as cervical erosion) is a common finding on routine pelvic examination during the fertile years. The decision to treat or not remains controversial. According to studies in support of routine treatment of cervical erosion, there is a possible relationship b
PMID 25539789

Japanese Journal

妊娠初期に LSIL であったにもかかわらず妊娠中期に進行子宮頸癌と診断した 1 例

赤股宜子,山崎龍王,黒須博之,矢野亮,小林織恵,大田昌治,小林弥生子,梅澤聡
日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 54(2), 158-163, 2015
背景 : 妊婦に浸潤性子宮頸癌が合併する頻度は 0.06～0.41%と報告されている. 今回, 妊娠初期には LSIL であったにもかかわらず, 妊娠中期の不正出血の精査にて進行子宮頸癌と判明した症例を経験したので報告する. 症例 : 32 歳, 0 経妊 0 経産. 自然妊娠. 妊娠 10 週での子宮頸部細胞診では LSIL, 妊娠 22 週の細胞診では HSIL であった. 妊娠 29 週に性 …
NAID 130005071171

Persistence of uterine bacterial infection, and its associations with endometritis and ovarian function in postpartum dairy cows

GHANEM Mohamed Elshabrawy,TEZUKA Erisa,DEVKOTA Bhuminand [他],IZAIKE Yoshiaki,OSAWA Takeshi
Journal of Reproduction and Development 61(1), 54-60, 2015
… Vaginal mucus discharges were collected, and endometrial smear samples (n = 130) were collected for cytological and bacteriological examinations from the cows at weeks 5 and 7 postpartum (pp). … 0.001) was noted between the severity of cytologically determined endometritis, purulent vaginal discharge and the persistence of infection. …
NAID 130004774183

腹式子宮全摘術後に発生した卵管脱の 1 例

刑部光正,鈴木郁美,國井徹,狩野正昭,阿部光展,柳川直樹,緒形真也,田村元
日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 53(6), 503-506, 2014
背景 : 子宮摘出後の腟断端卵管脱は, 子宮摘出後に発生するまれな合併症である. その細胞像は成熟扁平上皮細胞と多数の炎症細胞を背景に, 卵管上皮由来と推定される好中球浸潤などの炎症細胞浸潤を伴う低円柱状細胞からなる細胞集塊が出現するとされているが, 線毛上皮がほとんどみられないことが細胞診断を困難としている原因と考えられる.症例 : 症例は 38 歳の女性で, 子宮摘出 4 ヵ月後に褐色帯下が出 …
NAID 130004885832