vaginal douching

• 腟洗浄、膣洗浄

WordNet

1. the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus"
2. of or relating to the vagina; "vaginal suppository"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 膣
2. 膣の(に関する)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/22 02:23:21」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Douche bag" redirects here. For other uses, see Douchebag.

Douche
Intervention
A vaginal bulb syringe with lateral holes near the tip of the nozzle (about 1 cm, or ½ inch, thick)
ICD-9-CM	96.44
MeSH	D044364

A douche (/ˈduːʃ/) is a device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons, or the stream of water itself.

Douche usually refers to vaginal irrigation, the rinsing of the vagina, but it can also refer to the rinsing of any body cavity. A douche bag is a piece of equipment for douching—a bag for holding the fluid used in douching. To avoid transferring intestinal bacteria into the vagina, the same bag must not be used for an enema and a vaginal douche.

Douching after sexual intercourse is not an effective form of birth control. Additionally douching is associated with a number of health problems (cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections) and thus is not recommended.

Etymology

First Known Use: 1766 The word douche came to English via French, from Italian: doccia "conduit pipe" and docciare "pour by drops" to douche, from doccia water pipe, probably back-formation from doccione conduit, from Latin: duction-, ductio means of conveying water, from ducere to lead—here today it means shower, as it does in many non-English European languages.

Overview

Vaginal douche apparatus with five quart tank from 1905 nursing text

Vaginal douches may consist of water, water mixed with vinegar, or even antiseptic chemicals. Douching has been touted as having a number of supposed but unproven benefits. In addition to promising to clean the vagina of unwanted odors, it can also be used by women who wish to avoid smearing a sexual partner's penis with menstrual blood while having intercourse during menstruation. In the past, douching was also used after intercourse as a method of birth control, though it is not effective (see below).

Many health-care professionals state that douching is dangerous, as it interferes with both the vagina's normal self-cleaning and with the natural bacterial culture of the vagina, and it might spread or introduce infections. Douching is implicated in a wide variety of dangers, including: adverse pregnancy outcomes including ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, preterm labor, preterm birth, and chorioamnionitis; serious gynecologic outcomes, including increased risk of cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; it also predisposes women to develop bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is further associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Due to this, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services strongly discourages douching, citing the risks of irritation, bacterial vaginosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Frequent douching with water may result in an imbalance of the pH of the vagina, and thus may put women at risk for possible vaginal infections, especially yeast infections.

In May 2003, a randomized, controlled, multi-center study was conducted with 1827 women ages 18–44 who were regular users of a douche product and who had been treated recently for a sexually transmitted bacterial infection or bacterial vaginosis. Women were randomly assigned to use either a newly designed and marketed douche product or a soft cloth towelette. There was little or no indication of a greater risk of PID among women assigned to use the douche product (versus soft cloth towelette). Douching may be related to a lower probability that a woman becomes pregnant.

The "fountain syringe" is used for douching, by replacing the attached enema nozzle with the vaginal nozzle (shown bottom left). The vaginal nozzle is longer and thicker and has lateral holes

Antiseptics may also result in an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina, also resulting in an increased likelihood of infection. Furthermore, unclean douching equipment may also introduce undesirable foreign bodies into the vagina. For these reasons, the practice of douching is now strongly discouraged except when ordered by a physician for specific medical reasons. Douching may also wash bacteria into the uterus and Fallopian tubes, causing fertility problems.

Douching after intercourse is estimated to reduce the chances of conception by only 15–25%. In comparison, proper condom use reduces the chance of conception by as much as 97%. In some cases douching may force the ejaculate further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy. A review of studies by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center (N.Y.) showed that women who douched regularly and later became pregnant had higher rates of ectopic pregnancy, infections, and low birth weight infants than women who only douched occasionally or who never douched.

A 1995 survey quoted in the University of Rochester study found that 27% of U.S. women age 15 to 44 douched regularly, but that douching was more common among African-American women (over 50%) than among white women (21%), and higher douching is cited as a reason for the higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among African-American women, compared to the population at large.

Slang uses

Douche bag and its variants, douchebag or simply douche, are pejorative terms referring to an arrogant, obnoxious, or despicable person. The slang usage of the term originated in the 1960s.

See also

• Bidet
• Enema
• Sexual slang
• Therapeutic irrigation

References

External links

• "Douching" Womenshealth.gov (archive from 24 October 2008)
• "Douching fact sheet" at Womenshealth.gov

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 細菌性膣炎 bacterial vaginosis
• 2. 膣炎症状が認められる女性に対するアプローチ approach to women with symptoms of vaginitis
• 3. 子宮外妊娠：発生率、危険因子、および病理 ectopic pregnancy incidence risk factors and pathology
• 4. クラミジア・トラコマチス感染の治療 treatment of chlamydia trachomatis infection
• 5. 急性子宮頚管炎 acute cervicitis

English Journal

• Moving towards the goals of FP2020 - classifying contraceptives.

• Festin MP1, Kiarie J2, Solo J3, Spieler J4, Malarcher S5, Van Look PF6, Temmerman M7.
• Contraception.Contraception.2016 Oct;94(4):289-94. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
• With the renewed focus on family planning, a clear and transparent understanding is needed for the consistent classification of contraceptives, especially in the commonly used modern/traditional system. The World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the United State
• PMID 27287693

• Association between Vaginal Douching and Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women in the United States.

• Bui TC1, Thai TN2, Tran LT3, Shete SS4, Ramondetta LM5, Basen-Engquist KM1.
• The Journal of infectious diseases.J Infect Dis.2016 Aug 23. pii: jiw388. [Epub ahead of print]
• The very few studies that have examined the association between vaginal douching and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have found contrary results. We investigated the associations between douching and numbers of HPV genotypes infected in 1271 participants aged 20-49 years in the 2003-200
• PMID 27553042

• Increased vaginal pH in Ugandan women: what does it indicate?

• Donders GG1,2,3, Gonzaga A4, Marconi C5, Donders F6,7, Michiels T6,7, Eggermont N8, Bellen G6, Lule J4, Byamughisa J4.
• European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2016 Aug;35(8):1297-303. doi: 10.1007/s10096-016-2664-2. Epub 2016 May 14.
• Abnormal vaginal flora (AVF), indicative of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and/or aerobic vaginitis (AV), amongst other abnormalities, is a risk factor for multiple complications in pregnant as well as non-pregnant women. Screening for such conditions could help prevent these complications. Can self-testi
• PMID 27180245

Japanese Journal

• Vaginal Douching in Cambodian Women : Its Prevalence and Association With Vaginal Candidiasis

• HENG Lon Say,YATSUYA Hiroshi,MORITA Satoshi,SAKAMOTO Junichi
• Journal of epidemiology 20(1), 70-76, 2010-01-01
• … We determined the prevalence of vaginal douching (cleansing of the vagina with liquid) in a sample of Cambodian women, and examined the associations of douching with genitourinary symptoms and infections, after controlling for potential confounding factors, including genitourinary symptoms and sociodemographic factors.<BR>Methods: A total of 451 adolescent and adult females aged 15 to 49 years who attended 17 maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in 7 provinces of Cambodia in 2001 …
• NAID 10026251450

Related Links

• Vaginal Douching: Evidence for Risks or Benefits to Women ...

Studies included in this review were identified via a search of the computerized MEDLINE database from 1965 through March 2002. Only English-language articles were included, as were a few relevant articles published before 1965.

• What Is Vaginal Douching? Pros & Cons of Douching

WebMD explains vaginal douching and the medical risks associated with it. ... Show more Information If you select "Keep me signed in on this computer", you can stay signed in to WebMD.com on this computer for up ...

• Vaginal Douching- The Risk Far Outweighs The Benefits

Is vaginal douching safe? If not, what are the risks? ... Vaginal Infection and PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) Douching increase the chance of vaginal infection and PID and it changes the delicate balance of vaginal flora (organisms ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腟洗浄」「膣洗浄」
関連記事	「vaginal」

「腟洗浄」

　　[★]

英

vaginal douching

関

膣洗浄

「膣洗浄」

　　[★]

英

vaginal douching

関

腟洗浄

「vaginal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 腟の、膣の

関

vagina、vaginalis