WordNet

type genus of the family Cancridae (同)genus Cancer
the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 (同)Cancer the Crab, Crab
(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer (同)Crab
a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream (同)malignant neoplastic disease
the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus"
of or relating to the vagina; "vaginal suppository"

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〈U〉〈C〉『がん』 / 〈U〉〈C〉害悪 / 《Cancer》(星座の)カニ座
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膣の(に関する)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/27 09:34:35」(JST)

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Vaginal cancer is any type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina. Primary vaginal cancer is rare in the general population of women and is usually a squamous carcinoma. Metastases are more common. Vaginal cancer occurs more often in women over age 50, but can occur at any age, even in infancy. It often can be cured if found and treated in early stages. Surgery alone or surgery combined with pelvic radiation is typically used to treat vaginal cancer.

Types of vaginal cancer

There are two primary types of vaginal cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.^[1]

Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma arises from the thin, flat squamous cells that line the vagina. This is the most common type of vaginal cancer. It is found most often in women aged 60 or older.
Vaginal adenocarcinoma arises from the glandular (secretory) cells in the lining of the vagina that produce some vaginal fluids. Adenocarcinoma is more likely than squamous cell cancer to spread to the lungs and lymph nodes. It is found most often in women aged 30 or younger.

A specific subtype of adenocarcinoma ("Clear Cell") occurs in a small percent of women (termed "DES-Daughters") born between 1938 and 1973 (later outside the United States) that were exposed to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. DES was prescribed to 5 to 10 million mothers in that timespan to prevent possible miscarriages and premature birth.^[2] Typically, patients present with DES-related adenocarcinoma before age 30, but increasing evidence suggests possible effects or cancers (including other forms of vaginal glandular tumors) at a later age for DES-exposed women. DES-exposure in women is also linked to various infertility and pregnancy complications. Daughters exposed to DES in utero may also have an increased risk of moderate/severe cervical squamous cell dysplasia and an increased risk of breast cancer.^[3] Approximately one in 1,000 (0.1 %) DES Daughters will be diagnosed with CCA. The risk is virtually non-existent among premenopausal women not exposed to DES.^[4]

There are also less common forms of vaginal cancer:

Vaginal germ cell tumors (primarily teratoma and endodermal sinus tumor) are rare. They are found most often in infants and children.
Sarcoma botryoides, a rhabdomyosarcoma also is found most often in infants and children.

Signs and Symptoms

Often there are no symptoms, and cancer is found through a routine gynecologic exam. If there are symptoms, they are commonly abnormal vaginal bleeding, which may be postcoital, intermenstrual, prepubertal, or postmenopausal.^[5] Other, less specific signs include difficult or painful urination, pain during intercourse, and pain in the pelvic area. Women who suspect exposure to DES should undergo a more extensive gynecological exam on a regular basis because the normal exam procedure does not closely examine the areas of the vagina usually obscured by the speculum in standard gynecological exams. See: Recommendations for DES-exposed patients

Diagnosis

Several tests are used to diagnose vaginal cancer, including:

Physical exam and history
Pelvic exam
Pap smear
Biopsy
Colposcopy

References

^ "Vaginal Cancer Treatment - National Cancer Institute". http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/vaginal/Patient. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
^ http://www.cdc.gov/DES/consumers/about/index.html
^ "About DES". http://www.cdc.gov/DES/consumers/about/index.html. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
^ http://www.cdc.gov/des/consumers/about/effects_daughters.html
^ "Vaginal Cancer". Gynocologic Malignancies. Armenian Health Network, Health.am. 2005. http://www.health.am/cr/more/vaginal-cancer/. Retrieved 2007-11-08.

External links

National Cancer Institute: Vaginal Cancer
Clinically reviewed vaginal cancer information for patients from Cancer Research UK
UK vaginal cancer statistics from Cancer Research UK
Cancer.Net: Vaginal Cancer

UpToDate Contents

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1. 膣癌 vaginal cancer
2. 婦人科悪性腫瘍に対する放射線療法の概要 overview of radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies
3. 膣上皮内腫瘍 vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
4. 膣切除術 vaginectomy
5. 婦人科歴および内診 the gynecologic history and pelvic examination

English Journal

Discovery and validation of methylation markers for endometrial cancer.

Wentzensen N1, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Killian JK, Sampson J, Guido R, Glass A, Adams L, Luhn P, Brinton LA, Rush B, d'Ambrosio L, Gunja M, Yang HP, Garcia-Closas M, Lacey JV Jr, Lissowska J, Podratz K, Meltzer P, Shridhar V, Sherman ME.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Oct 15;135(8):1860-8. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28843. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
The prognosis of endometrial cancer is strongly associated with stage at diagnosis, suggesting that early detection may reduce mortality. Women who are diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma often have a lengthy history of vaginal bleeding, which offers an opportunity for early diagnosis and curative
PMID 24623538

Natural history of recurrences in endometrial carcinoma.

Sorbe B1, Juresta C2, Ahlin C1.
Oncology letters.Oncol Lett.2014 Oct;8(4):1800-1806. Epub 2014 Jul 18.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the natural history of endometrial cancer recurrences with regard to predictive and prognostic factors. Between 1990 and 1999, 100 patients were treated for recurrences of endometrial carcinoma (all FIGO stages). Overall, 90 tumors were of endometrioid ty
PMID 25202413

Malignant melanoma of the vagina: A case report and review of the literature.

Chen L1, Xiong Y2, Wang H3, Liang L2, Shang H4, Yan X5.
Oncology letters.Oncol Lett.2014 Oct;8(4):1585-1588. Epub 2014 Jul 17.
Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is an extremely rare variant of melanoma that accounts for <3% of all vaginal malignancies. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina has a worse prognosis as compared with non-genital melanomas or other vaginal malignant neoplasms. A-35-year-old female had
PMID 25202372

Japanese Journal

ISP-10-8 Clinical usefulness of Mohs paste for genital bleeding from the uterine cervix or vaginal stump in gynecologic cancer(Group 10 Oncology 1,IS Poster,International Session)

Yanazume Shintaro,Dozono Haruhiko,Yanazume Yumi,Iio Kazuto,Kojima Nobuko,Douchi Tsutomu
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 65(2), 1010, 2013-02-01
NAID 110009639764

症例報告泌尿生殖器の先天奇形を合併した膣明細胞腺癌の1例

田中絢香,吉村明彦,小泉花織 [他]
産婦人科の進歩 65(1), 20-25, 2013-02
NAID 40019580495

膣，子宮頸部，膀胱，尿管への進展を認め前方骨盤除臓術を行った再発性外陰部Paget病の1例

楠谷尚,吉川周佐,加藤元一,嵩眞佐子,庭川要,高橋伸卓,清原祥夫
Skin Cancer
56歳，女性。2005年頃から外陰部の掻痒，紅斑を自覚した。2007年に近医での生検にて外陰部Paget病と診断され，当科紹介受診となった。病変は恥丘部から肛門部にかけて存在しており，同年12月に腫瘍切除，植皮術を施行した。2011年8月に頻尿，排尿時痛が出現し，近医泌尿器科にてPaget病再発の可能性を指摘された。外尿道口周囲から膣口にびらんを伴う紅斑があり，膀胱鏡検査では膀胱頸部に紅斑が認めら …
NAID 130003378173