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マーキュロクローム,赤チン(消毒液の商標名)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/20 23:49:24」(JST)

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Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related compound urobilinogen, are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme.

Metabolism

Urobilin is generated from the degradation of heme, which is first degraded through biliverdin to bilirubin. Bilirubin is then excreted as bile, which is further degraded by microbes present in the large intestine to urobilinogen. Some of this remains in the large intestine, and its conversion to stercobilin gives feces its brown color. Some is reabsorbed into the bloodstream, where it is oxidized to urobilin and eventually excreted by the kidneys, giving urine its yellow color.^[1]

Importance

Many urine tests (urinalysis) monitor the amount of urobilin in urine, as its levels can give insight on the effectiveness of urinary tract function. Normally, urine would appear as either light yellow urine or colorless. A lack of water intake, for example following sleep or dehydration, reduces the water content of urine, thereby concentrating urobilin and producing a darker color of urine. Obstructive jaundice reduces biliary bilirubin excretion, which is then excreted directly from the blood stream into the urine, giving a dark-colored urine but with a paradoxically low urobilin concentration, no urobilinogen, and usually with correspondingly pale faeces. Darker urine also results due to other chemicals, such as various ingested dietary components or drugs, porphyrins in porphyria, and homogentisate in patients with alcaptonuria.

References

^ Donald J. Voet; Judith G. Voet; Charlotte W. Pratt (2008). "Synthesis and degradation of amino acids". Principles of Biochemistry, Third edition. Wiley. p. 778. ISBN 978-0470-23396-2.

Voet and Voet Biochemistry Ed 3 page 1022
Nelson, L., David, Cox M.M., .2005. “Chapter 22- Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules”, pp. 856, In Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Freeman, New York. pp. 856
Bishop, Michael, Duben-Engelkirk, Janet L., and Fody, Edward P. "Chapter 19, Liver Function, Clinical Chemistry Principles, Procedures, Correlations, 2nd Ed." Philadelphia: copyright 1992 J.B. Lippincott Company.
Munson-Ringsrud, Karen and Jorgenson-Linné, Jean "Urinalysis and Body Fluids, A ColorText and Atlas." St. Louis: copyright 1995 Mosby

English Journal

Skin color is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis patients.

Chen HY, Kao TW, Chiu YL, Huang JW, Lai CF, Tsai TF, Chu TS, Wu KD.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.Perit Dial Int.2009 Jul-Aug;29(4):458-64.
BACKGROUND: Changes in skin color are common among dialysis patients. They are associated with urochrome pigments, hemoglobin, and changes in cutaneous vasculature. Insulin resistance (IR) is strongly linked to cutaneous vascular dysfunction and is prevalent in dialysis patients. We postulated skin
PMID 19602612

Relative constancy of urinary creatinine and urochrome.

Khan MA, Bender AE.
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society.Proc Nutr Soc.1972 May;31(1):1A.
PMID 5048470

[The effect of prolonged ingestion of urochrome and liver extract on the proteolytic activity of the rat thyroid].

Lazăr TC.
Studii şi cercetari de endocrinologie.Stud Cercet Endocrinol.1970;21(3):237-42.
PMID 5455835

Japanese Journal

各種強度の身体労作に伴う尿中Urochrome排泄量に就いて

森山清
東京慈恵会医科大学雑誌 66(5), 172-183, 1952-11
NAID 40018123725

基礎代謝量とUrochrome排泄量との相関について

井川幸雄
東京慈恵会医科大学雑誌 66(5), 82-86, 1952-11
NAID 40018123709

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Urobilin
Names
	Other names Urochrome
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	1856-98-0
ChemSpider	4938471
	InChI InChI=1S/C33H42N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h15,26-27,35H,7-14H2,1-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b28-15-/t26-,27-/m0/s1 ; Key: KDCCOOGTVSRCHX-UYMYUHGCSA-N ; InChI=1/C33H42N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h15,26-27,35H,7-14H2,1-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b28-15-/t26-,27-/m0/s1; Key: KDCCOOGTVSRCHX-UYMYUHGCBF ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
MeSH	Urobilin
PubChem	6433298
	SMILES O=C1/C(=C(/CC)[C@@H](N1)Cc2c(c(c(n2)\C=C3/N=C(\C(=C3CCC(=O)O)C)C[C@@H]/4NC(=O)\C(=C\4C)CC)CCC(=O)O)C)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C33H42N4O6
Molar mass	590.71
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references