WordNet

a chromogen formed in the intestine from the breakdown of bilirubin; yields urobilins on oxidation; some is excreted in the feces and some is resorbed and excreted in bile or urine (同)stercobilinogen

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/19 21:51:52」(JST)

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Urobilinogen is a colourless product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken up into the circulation and excreted by the kidney. This constitutes the normal "enterohepatic urobilinogen cycle".

Increased amounts of bilirubin are formed in hemolysis, which generates increased urobilinogen in the gut. In liver disease (such as hepatitis), the intrahepatic urobilinogen cycle is inhibited also increasing urobilinogen levels. Urobilinogen is converted to the yellow pigmented urobilin apparent in urine.

The urobilinogen (also known as stercobilinogen) in the intestine is then oxidized to brown stercobilin, which gives the feces their characteristic color.

In biliary obstruction, below-normal amounts of conjugated bilirubin reach the intestine for conversion to urobilinogen. With limited urobilinogen available for reabsorption and excretion, the amount of urobilin found in the urine is low. High amounts of the soluble conjugated bilirubin enter the circulation where they are excreted via the kidneys. These mechanisms are responsible for the dark urine and pale stools observed in biliary obstruction.

Low urine urobilinogen may result from complete obstructive jaundice or treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, which destroy the intestinal bacterial flora. (Obstruction of bilirubin passage into the gut or failure of urobilinogen production in the gut.)

Low urine urobilinogen levels may result from congenital enzymatic jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia syndromes) or from treatment with drugs that acidify urine, such as ammonium chloride or ascorbic acid.

Elevated levels may indicate hemolytic anaemia (excessive breakdown of red blood cells), overburdening of the liver, increased urobilinogen production, re-absorption - a large hematoma, restricted liver function, hepatic infection, poisoning or liver cirrhosis.^[1]^[2]

Nomenclature

Urobilinogen (aka d-urobilinogen) is closely related to two other compounds: mesobilirubinogen (aka i-urobilinogen) and stercobilinogen (aka i-stercobilinogen).^[3] Specifically, urobilinogen can be reduced to form mesobilirubinogen, and mesobilirubinogen can be further reduced to form stercobilinogen.^[3] Confusingly, however, all three of these compounds are frequently collectively referred to as "urobilinogens".^[4]

Ehrlich unit

Urobilinogen content is determined by a reaction with Ehrlich's reagent, which contains para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and may be measured in Ehrlich units. One Ehrlich unit is equal to one milligram of urobilinogen per deciliter of sample (1 mg/dL).^[5]

References

^ "Urobilinogen". Family Health Information. http://www.family-health-information.com/lab-tests/urobilinogen.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ "Urobilinogen in urine". Home test kist. http://www.anytestkits.com/utk-urobilinogen-in-urine.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ ^a ^b "Biochemical Pathways Map No. L5 L6". ExPASy Bioinformatics Resource Portal. http://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/pathways/show_image?L6&up. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
^ Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. (22nd ed. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 543. ISBN 978-1-4377-0974-2. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/pdf/307240054-3/978-1-4377-0974-2/4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0974-2..00031-2..DOCPDF.pdf?isbn=978-1-4377-0974-2&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0974-2..00031-2..DOCPDF.
^ Urobilinogen Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. Retrieved on Jan 8, 2009

External links

Biochemicals pathways Map

UpToDate Contents

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1. ビリルビン代謝 bilirubin metabolism
2. 黄疸または無症候性高ビリルビン血症の分類および原因 classification and causes of jaundice or asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia
3. ポルフィリン症：概要 porphyrias an overview
4. クリグラー・ナジャー症候群 crigler najjar syndrome
5. 鉄芽球性貧血の病態生理 pathophysiology of the sideroblastic anemias

English Journal

Reliable laboratory urinalysis results using a new standardised urine collection device.

Roelofs-Thijssen MA, Schreuder MF, Hogeveen M, van Herwaarden AE.SourceDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Clinical biochemistry.Clin Biochem.2013 Apr 26. pii: S0009-9120(13)00154-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.014. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: While urine sampling is necessary in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection and electrolyte disturbances, the collection of urine in neonates and non-toilet-trained children is often difficult. A universal urine collection method providing representative urinalyses results is needed. T
PMID 23628593

Amelioration of CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity by Oxalis corniculata in rat.

Khan MR, Zehra H.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 4400, Pakistan. mrkhanqau@yahoo.com
Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft für Toxikologische Pathologie.Exp Toxicol Pathol.2013 Mar;65(3):327-34. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.11.007. Epub 2011 Dec 26.
CCl(4) induces oxidative stress in various tissues by altering antioxidant enzymes defense system. In this study we investigated the chemical composition and protective role of Oxalis corniculata methanol extract (OCME) on CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terp
PMID 22205120

Protective effects of rutin against potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S.SourceDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pakutunkhwa, Pakistan. rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com
BMC complementary and alternative medicine.BMC Complement Altern Med.2012 Nov 1;12:204. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-204.
BACKGROUND: Rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, was investigated for its protective effects against the KBrO(3) induced renal injuries in rat.METHODS: Group I was control (untreated), group II was given saline 0.5 ml/kg bw (0.9% NaCl), group III was administered KBrO(3) (20 mg/kg bw) intragastric twice
PMID 23116356

Japanese Journal

ASSOCIATION OF UGT1A1 GLY71ARG WITH URINE UROBILINOGEN

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 73(1-2), 33-40, 2011-02
NAID 120003043298

尿検査尿中ウロビリノーゲン,ウロビリン,ビリルビン (広範囲血液・尿化学検査,免疫学的検査(第7版・1)その数値をどう読むか) -- (一般検査(尿・髄液・糞便検査を含む))

日本臨床 67(-), 124-127, 2009-12
NAID 40016874445

試験紙法による尿検査(2)尿白血球エステラーゼ・尿亜硝酸塩・尿ウロビリノゲン・尿ビリルビン・ケトン体・アスコルビン酸 (特集尿を科学する) -- (尿検査各論)

綜合臨床 58(5), 1207-1211, 2009-05
NAID 40016697216

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元

「ウロビリノゲン」

Urobilinogen
Identifiers
CAS number	14684-37-8
PubChem	26818
MeSH	Urobilinogen
Properties
Molecular formula	C33H44N4O6
Molar mass	592.726
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: urobilinogen
同: ウロビリノーゲン
関: エールリッヒアルデヒド試験

ビリルビン→ウロビリノゲン→ウロビリン

ウロビリノゲン　+　ウロビリン　＝　ウロビリン体
無色

ビリルビンの運命

HBC.290

1. ビリルビン(非極性の分子なので)は肝臓でグルクロン酸抱合される(結局、2分子のグルクロン酸と反応)。酵素：glucuronosyltransferase, ERに局在, 基質はUDP-glucuronic acid. 別名: bilirubin-UGT。
2. 抱合されたビリルビンは能動輸送によって胆汁に排泄される；この部分が胆汁代謝のrate limiting。MRP-2(multidrug resistance like protein 2),別名:multispecific organic anion transporter(MOAT)が輸送に関わる。これらの輸送体はbile canalicular membrane上に存在する
3. 排泄された抱合型ビリルビンは腸内細菌が産生するβ-glucuronidaseにより非抱合化ビリルビンになる。
4. 非抱合型ビリルビンは腸内細菌によって還元され(8分子のプロトン付加)、ウロビリノゲンが産生される。
5. 回腸末端もしくは大腸でウロビリノゲンは吸収され、血行性に肝臓に輸送され、再び胆汁中に排泄される(腸肝循環)。
6-1. 血中のウロビリノゲンは腎臓で尿中に排泄される。腎臓で(おそらく一部の)ウロビリノゲンは酸化され(2分子のプロトン喪失)黄褐色のウロビリンに変換される
6-2. 終末回腸や大腸の細菌はウロビリノゲンを酸化してウロビリンとなり、尿中に排泄される。

きちゃないトリビア

排泄された糞便の色が経時的に茶褐色に変化していくのは、ウロビリノゲンが酸化されてウロビリンに変化するためである。(HBC.290)

ビリルビンの排泄の変化と疾患

→尿ウロビリノゲン

胆汁酵素と黄疸

HBC.292

	血清ビリルビン	尿ウロビリノゲン	尿ビリルビン	糞ウロビリノゲン
正常	D-Bil: 0.1-0.4 mg/dL I-Bil: 0.2-0.7	0-4 mg/24h	ー	40-280mg/24h
溶血性貧血	↑I-Bil	↑	ー	↑
肝炎	↑I-Bil, D-Bil	閉塞ありなら↓	閉塞ありなら有り	↓
閉塞性黄疸	↑D-Bil	ー	有り	ー

[1] "Urobilinogen". Family Health Information. http://www.family-health-information.com/lab-tests/urobilinogen.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-30.

[2] "Urobilinogen in urine". Home test kist. http://www.anytestkits.com/utk-urobilinogen-in-urine.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-30.

[expasy_pathways-3] "Biochemical Pathways Map No. L5 L6". ExPASy Bioinformatics Resource Portal. http://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/pathways/show_image?L6&up. Retrieved 12 December 2011.

[Henrys543-4] Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. (22nd ed. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 543. ISBN 978-1-4377-0974-2. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/pdf/307240054-3/978-1-4377-0974-2/4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0974-2..00031-2..DOCPDF.pdf?isbn=978-1-4377-0974-2&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0974-2..00031-2..DOCPDF.

[5] Urobilinogen Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. Retrieved on Jan 8, 2009

匿名

検索

案内

案内

urobilinogen