目次
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- 疑われない,問題にされない;尋問されない
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- 1. ストルバイト結石およびサンゴ状結石のマネージメント management of struvite or staghorn calculi
- 2. メタボリックシンドローム（インスリン抵抗性症候群またはシンドロームX） the metabolic syndrome insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome x
English Journal
- Roving females and patient males: a new perspective on the mating strategies of chimpanzees.
- Newton-Fisher NE.Author information School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT4 7NR, U.K.AbstractMating strategies are sets of decisions aimed at maximizing reproductive success. For male animals, the fundamental problem that these strategies address is attaining mating access to females in a manner that maximizes their chances of achieving paternity. For chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), despite substantial interest in mating strategies, very little attention has been paid to the most fundamental problem that mating strategies need to solve: finding mates. Only a single model, Dunbar's general model of male mating strategies, exists to explain mate-searching behaviour in chimpanzees. Under this model, males in most populations are regarded as pursuing a 'roving' strategy: searching for and sequestering fertile females who are essentially passive with respect to mate searching. The roving mating strategy is an assumption deeply embedded in the way chimpanzee behaviour is considered; it is implicit in the conventional model for chimpanzee social structure, which posits that male ranging functions both to monitor female reproductive state and to ward these females from other groups of males through collective territoriality: essentially, ranging as mating effort. This perspective is, however, increasingly at odds with observations of chimpanzee behaviour. Herein, I review the logic and evidence for the roving-male mating strategy and propose a novel alternative, a theoretical framework in which roving is a strategy pursued by female chimpanzees in order to engage successfully in promiscuous mating. Males, unable to thwart this female strategy, instead maximise the number of reproductive opportunities encountered by focusing their behaviour on countering threats to health, fertility and reproductive career. Their prolonged grooming bouts are seen, in consequence, as functioning to mitigate the negative impacts of socially induced physiological stress. In this new framework, the roving-male strategy becomes, at best, a 'best of a bad job' alternative for low-ranking males when faced with high levels of competition for mating access. Male chimpanzees do not search for mates, but for one another, for food, and, at times, for rivals in other communities. To the extent that female promiscuity functions to counter infanticide risk, mate searching by female chimpanzees-and any associated costs-can be seen as an unavoidable consequence of male sexual coercion. This novel framework is a better fit to the available data than is the conventional account. This review highlights the desperate need for additional work in an area of chimpanzee biology that has been somewhat neglected, perhaps in part because assumptions of roving males have remained unquestioned for too long. It also highlights the need, across taxa, to revisit and revise theory, and to test old assumptions, when faced with contrary data.
- Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc.2014 May;89(2):356-74. doi: 10.1111/brv.12058. Epub 2014 Jan 2.
- Mating strategies are sets of decisions aimed at maximizing reproductive success. For male animals, the fundamental problem that these strategies address is attaining mating access to females in a manner that maximizes their chances of achieving paternity. For chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), despite
- PMID 24393574
- A Simple Framework for Complex System Improvement.
- Kraft S1, Carayon P, Weiss J, Pandhi N.Author information 11University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.AbstractThe need to rapidly improve health care value is unquestioned, but the means to accomplish this task is unknown. Improving performance at the level of the health care organization frequently involves multiple interventions, which must be coordinated and sequenced to fit the specific context. Those responsible for achieving large-scale improvements are challenged by the lack of a framework to describe and organize improvement strategies. Drawing from the fields of health services, industrial engineering, and organizational behavior, a simple framework was developed and has been used to guide and evaluate improvement initiatives at an academic health center. The authors anticipate that this framework will be helpful for health system leaders responsible for improving health care quality.
- American journal of medical quality : the official journal of the American College of Medical Quality.Am J Med Qual.2014 Apr 10. [Epub ahead of print]
- The need to rapidly improve health care value is unquestioned, but the means to accomplish this task is unknown. Improving performance at the level of the health care organization frequently involves multiple interventions, which must be coordinated and sequenced to fit the specific context. Those r
- PMID 24723664
- Factors affecting the integration of immigrant nurses into the nursing workforce: A double hermeneutic study.
- Xiao LD1, Willis E2, Jeffers L3.Author information 1School of Nursing & Midwifery, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Electronic address: lily.xiao@flinders.edu.au.2School of Medicine, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Electronic address: eileen.willis@flinders.edu.au.3Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Road, Daw Park, SA 5041, Australia. Electronic address: lesley.jeffers@health.sa.gov.au.AbstractBACKGROUND: Variations in nursing practice and communication difficulties pose a challenge for the successful integration into the workforce of immigrant nurses. Evidence for this is found in cultural clashes, interpersonal conflicts, communication problems, prejudiced attitudes and discrimination towards immigrant nurses. While the evidence shows that integrating immigrant nurses into the nursing workforce is shaped by factors that are socially constructed, studies that examine social structures affecting workforce integration are sparse.
- International journal of nursing studies.Int J Nurs Stud.2014 Apr;51(4):640-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
- BACKGROUND: Variations in nursing practice and communication difficulties pose a challenge for the successful integration into the workforce of immigrant nurses. Evidence for this is found in cultural clashes, interpersonal conflicts, communication problems, prejudiced attitudes and discrimination t
- PMID 24016598
Japanese Journal
- 判断能力の不十分な人々の投票をめぐるイギリスの法制度 : わが国における成年被後見人の選挙権の取扱いに関連して
- 菅 富美枝
- 経済志林 80(1), 33-53, 2012-09
- … This legal environment has meant that such an association (no financial management=no vote) has been left unquestioned by lawyers, politicians and the general public. …
- NAID 40019440683
- ビルマのキリスト教徒カレンをめぐる民族知識の形成史 : カレン知の生成と『プアカニョウの歴史』の位置づけについて
- 池田 一人
- 東洋文化研究所紀要 162, 154-266, 2012
- … Mason's core idea that the Karen were a lost tribe of Israelites and therefore originated as a biblical nation remained unquestioned until doubtful anthropologists gained the initiative in interpreting the ethnic origin of the Karen. …
- NAID 120005122738
- - English as an International Language - Is EIL Natural, Neutral and Beneficial in Japan?
- Olagboyega Kolawole Waziri
- 秋田大学大学院工学資源学研究科研究報告 32, 7-13, 2011-10
- … Rather, we explore the understanding of these in relationship to one particular aspect of the discourse of English as an International Language (EIL), namely the view of English language teaching as development aid, a view which often carries with it an unquestioned belief in the innate superiority of Western teaching practices and the innate inferiority of local practices such as the practices in Japan. …
- NAID 110009209366
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- unquestionedとは。意味や和訳。[形]1 疑いのない，異論のない.2 取り調べられない，調査[審問，尋問]されない. - goo辞書は国語、英和、和英、中国語、百科事典等からまとめて探せる辞書検索サービスです。
- unquestioned / ʌnˈkwɛs tʃənd / Show Spelled [uhn-kwes-ch uh nd] Show IPA adjective 1. not open to doubt or question; undisputed: Dante's poetic mastery remains unquestioned. 2. not inquired into, investigated, or interrogated: The ...
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