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an artificially made microscopic vesicle into which nucleic acids can be packaged; used in molecular biology as a transducing vector

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/19 23:41:22」(JST)

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Unilamellar liposome is a spherical chamber/vesicle, bounded by a single bilayer of an amphiphilic lipid or a mixture of such lipids, containing aqueous solution inside the chamber. Small unilamellar liposomes/vesicles (SUVs) have sizes up to 100 nm; large unilamellar liposomes/vesicles (LUVs) may have sizes more than 100 nm up to few micrometers (µm). There are giant unilamellar liposomes/vesicles (GUVs), which have an average diameter of 100 µm. GUVs are mostly used as models for biological membranes in research work.^[1] Each lipid bilayer structure is comparable to lamellar phase lipid organization in biological membranes, in general. In contrast, multilamellar liposomes (MLVs), consist of many concentric amphiphilic lipid bilayers analogous to onion layers, and MLVs may be of variable sizes up to several micrometers.

Applications

Phospholipid liposomes are used as targeted drug delivery systems. Hydrophilic drugs can be carried as solution inside the SUVs or MLVs and hydrophobic drugs can be incorporated into lipid bilayer of these liposomes. If injected into circulation of human/animal body, MLVs are preferentially taken up phagocytic cells, and thus drugs can be targeted to these cells. For general or overall delivery, SUVs may be used. For topical applications on skin, specialized lipids like phospholipids and sphingolipids may be used to make drug-free liposomes as moisturizers, and with drugs such as for anti-ultraviolet radiation applications.

References

^ Wesołowska, Olga; Michalak, Krystyna; Maniewska, Jadwiga; Hendrich, Andrzej B (2009), "Giant unilamellar vesicles — a perfect tool to visualize phase separation and lipid raft in model systems" (PDF), Acta Biochimica Polonica, 56 (1): 33–39, PMID 19287805

External links

http://avantilipids.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1600&Itemid=381
http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1243

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The substitution of Proline 168 favors Bax oligomerization and stimulates its interaction with LUVs and mitochondria.

Simonyan L1, Légiot A1, Lascu I1, Durand G2, Giraud MF1, Gonzalez C1, Manon S3.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2017 Jun;1859(6):1144-1155. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.010. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
PMID 28322731

Phosphatidylserine lipids and membrane order precisely regulate the activity of Polybia-MP1 peptide.

Alvares DS1, Ruggiero Neto J2, Ambroggio EE3.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2017 Jun;1859(6):1067-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.002. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
PMID 28274844

Mechanical properties of membranes composed of gel-phase or fluid-phase phospholipids probed on liposomes by atomic force spectroscopy.

Et-Thakafy O, Delorme N, Gaillard C, Mériadec C, Artzner F, Lopez C, Guyomarc'h F.
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.Langmuir.2017 May 5. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00363. [Epub ahead of print]
In many liposome applications, the nanomechanical properties of the membrane envelope are essential to ensure e.g. physical stability, protection or penetration into tissues. Of all factors, the lipid composition and its phase behavior are susceptible to tune the mechanical properties of membranes.
PMID 28475345

Japanese Journal

Preparation of Liposomes Modified with Lipopeptides Using a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Reverse-phase Evaporation Method

Aburai Kenichi,Yagi Nobuhiro,Yokoyama Yuusaku,Okuno Hiroaki,Sakai Kenichi,Sakai Hideki,Sakamoto Kazutami,Abe Masahiko
Journal of Oleo Science 60(5), 209-215, 2011
… Use of a SCRPE method along with LP modification further enhanced entrapment and enabled spontaneous formation of unilamellar liposomes with long-term stability. …
NAID 130000668013

F131 細胞-リポソームの電気融合における電場解析(OS-6:バイオ・メディカルテクノロジーと関連した熱・物質移動現象(II))

白樫了,Reuss Randolph,Alexander Schulz,Vladimir Sukhorukov,Urlich Zimmermann
熱工学コンファレンス講演論文集 2010, 165-166, 2010-10-29
… In this study, the electric field after step pulse, which was applied to a pair of aligned Jurkat cell and Giant Unilamellar Vesicle (GUV), was calculated by Finite Element Method (FEM). …
NAID 110008742717

Lipid Bilayer Vesicles with Numbers of Membrane-Linking Pores

Ken-ichirou Akashi ,Hidetake Miyata
J Phys Soc Jpn 79(6), 64801-64801, 2010-06-15
… We report that phospholipid membranes spontaneously formed in aqueous medium giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) possessing many membranous wormhole-like structures (membrane-linking pores, MLPs). …
NAID 150000089484